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Year 10 Chemistry > GCSE Topic 1 - Elements, Compounds & Mixtures > Flashcards

GCSE Topic 1 - Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of an element

A

An element is a substance that consists of only one type of element. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

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2
Q

Definition of a compound

A

A compound is a substance which consists of 2 or more different elements chemically bonded together

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3
Q

Definition of a mixture

A

A mixture consists of 2 or more substances that are usually easy to separate

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4
Q

Is aluminium an element, compound or mixture

A

Element

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5
Q

Is sodium chloride (salt) an element, compound or mixture

A

Compound

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6
Q

Is carbon dioxide an element, compound or mixture

A

Compound

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7
Q

Is lead an element, compound or mixture

A

Element

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8
Q

Is rock salt an element, compound or mixture

A

Mixture

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9
Q

Is sugar solution an element, compound or mixture

A

Mixture

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10
Q

Is oxygen an element, compound or mixture

A

Element

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11
Q

Is sulfur an element, compound or mixture

A

Element

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12
Q

Is ethanol an element, compound or mixture

A

Compound

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13
Q

Is copper an element, compound or mixture

A

Element

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14
Q

Is air an element, compound or mixture

A

Mixture

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15
Q

Is calcium carbonate an element, compound or mixture

A

Compound

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16
Q

Is methane an element, compound or mixture

A

Compound

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17
Q

Is iron an element, compound or mixture

A

Element

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18
Q

Is silicon dioxide an element, compound or mixture

A

Compound

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19
Q

Separate the following substances into elements, compounds and mixtures:
Copper, marble chips, milk, baking soda, oxygen, sugar, carbonated water, air, sulfur, salt, alumina, Diet Coke, carbon dioxide and sea water

A

Elements - copper, oxygen, sulfur

Compounds - carbon dioxide, sugar, baking soda, salt, alumina, marble chips

Mixtures - air, Diet Coke, sea water, milk, carbonated water

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20
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
An element is a substance which………be broken down into simpler substances

A

Cannot

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21
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Everything in the universe is made up of……..

A

Atoms/elements

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22
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
About….elements occur in nature

A

100

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23
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Most of the crust of the earth is made up of five elements; oxygen………aluminium, iron and calcium

A

Silicon

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24
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Elements are classified as…….and non-metals

A

Metals

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25
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Metals usually……..electricity; they are……./…….and strong

A

Conduct

Hard/shiny

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26
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Non metals are electrical……….they are dull and……….

A

Insulators

Brittle

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27
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
A compound is a substance made of two or more different elements………….

A

Chemically bonded

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28
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Compounds have……..properties from the elements from which they are made

A

Different

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29
Q

Daltons atomic……..suggests that everything is made of minute particles called atoms

A

Theory

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30
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
All the atoms of an element are the….

A

Same

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31
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
The atoms of one element are not the same as the atoms of another element because they differ in……………..

A

The number of protons

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32
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
Small groups of atoms joined together are called………..

A

Molecules

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33
Q

Find suitable scientific words to complete the following sentences:
One of the elements which consist of molecules is………

A

Oxygen

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34
Q 
State whether you think the following are mixtures or compound:
Milk
Ice
Orange juice
Air
Paint
A 
Milk - mixture
Ice - compound
Orange juice - mixture
Air - mixture
Paint - mixture
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35
Q

The formula of 5 substances are listed below, state whether it’s an element or compound and name the elements it contains:

a) CH4 (small 4 ~ slightly below letters)
b) CaCO3 (small 3 ~ slightly below letters)
c) MgS
d) H2 (small 2 ~ slightly below letters)
e) CuSO4 (small 4 ~ slightly below letters)

A

A) compound and the elements it contains are carbon and hydrogen
B) compound and the elements it contains are calcium, carbon and oxygen
C) compound and the elements it contains are magnesium and sulfur
D) an element - hydrogen
E) compound and the elements it contains are copper, sulfur and oxygen

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36
Q

The formula of 5 substances are listed below, state whether it’s an element or compound and name the elements it contains:
F) Fe
G) AlCl3 (small 3 ~ slightly below letters)
H) HBr
I) Zn
J) NaNO3 (small 3 ~ slightly below letters)

A

F) element - iron
G) compound and the elements it contains are aluminium and chlorine
H) compound and the elements it contains are hydrogen and bromine
I) element - zinc
J) compound and the elements it contains are sodium, nitrogen and oxygen

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37
Q

The formula of 5 substances are listed below, state whether it’s an element or compound and name the elements it contains:
K) S8 (small 8 ~ slightly below letters)
L) C6H12O6 (small 6, small 12, small 6 ~ slightly below the letters)
M) He
N) Pb
O) Ag

A 
K) element - sulfur
L) compound and the elements it contains are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
M) element - helium
N) element - lead
O) element - silver
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38
Q

What type of substance is a compound

A

A pure substance

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39
Q

What occurs when a compounds is formed and there is an energy change

A

A chemical reaction

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40
Q

The composition of a compound is what

A

Always the same

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41
Q

The properties of a compound are……

from those of the elements making up the compound

A

Different

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42
Q

Chemical compounds are………to separate and can only be broken down by chemical means e.g. Molten sodium chloride can be decomposed to give sodium and chlorine…………

A

Difficult

By electrolysis

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43
Q

A mixture contains how many substances

A

Two or more

44
Q

When a mixture is made what does or doesn’t take place

A

No chemical reaction takes place

45
Q

The composition of a mixture can what

A

Vary

46
Q

The properties of a mixture are the……as those of the individual elements making up the mixture

A

Same

47
Q

Mixture are…..to separate using physical means.

E.g. Sodium chloride crystals be obtained from sodium chloride solution………………..

A

Easy

By evaporation

48
Q

What is sulfur

A

A yellow solid with a pungent smell

49
Q

What does iron conduct

A

Heat and electricity

50
Q

What does iron sulfide contain

A

Two elements which are chemically combined

51
Q

What can iron and sulfur be separated into and how

A

Into two elements, using a magnet

52
Q

A boy found a lump of yellow mineral he thought it was either gold or sulfur, what can he deduce from the following results:
It does not conduct electricity - not gold
It did not melt when heated with a Bunsen burner - not sulfur
It did not catch fire when heated in air - not sulfur

Could the mineral have been either sulfur or gold

A

No it couldn’t have been either

53
Q

What have copper, iron, sulfur and tin all have in common

A

They are all elements

54
Q

How does sulfur differ from copper, iron and tin

A

It’s a non metal whereas the rest are, plus sulfur doesn’t conduct electricity and isn’t magnetic

55
Q

What have carbon dioxide, iron oxide, sulfuric dioxide and water all have in common

A

They are all compounds

56
Q

In what way does iron oxide differ from carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and water

A

Iron is the metal oxide

57
Q

Chemicals can be identified by symbols, formulae or names. Five examples of chemicals found in school labs are given below:
C MgO Sodium chloride Mg CuSO4

Give the name of a chemical from the list which is an element

A

Magnesium and carbon

58
Q

Chemicals can be identified by symbols, formulae or names. Five examples of chemicals found in school labs are given below:
C MgO Sodium chloride Mg CuSO4

Write down the formula for sodium chloride

A

NaCl

59
Q

Chemicals can be identified by symbols, formulae or names. Five examples of chemicals found in school labs are given below:
C MgO Sodium chloride Mg CuSO4

What is the name of the last chemical labelled CuSO4

A

Copper sulphate

60
Q

Four chemicals are labelled below, answer the questions corresponding to them:
CuSO4 P MgO MnO2

What is the name of the element which has he symbol P

A

Phosphorus

61
Q

Four chemicals are labelled below, answer the questions corresponding to them:
CuSO4 P MgO MnO2

Which chemical contains magnesium oxide, a, b, c or d

A

C

62
Q

Four chemicals are labelled below, answer the questions corresponding to them:
CuSO4 P MgO MnO2

Why can magnesium oxide be described as a compound

A

Because it is made up of two different elements, magnesium and oxygen. (Which have chemically bonded)

63
Q

Give two elements which are made up of small molecules

A

Oxygen and nitrogen

64
Q

Give the definition of the term soluble

A

A solid that dissolves easily in a liquid solvent e.g. Sugar, salt

65
Q

Give the definition of the term insoluble

A

A solid that does not dissolve easily in a liquid solvent e.g. Sand

66
Q

Give the definition of the term solute

A

A solid that dissolves.
This is a substance that changes its state during a dissolving process i.e. The substance that dissolves e.g. Sugar, salt

67
Q

Give the definition of the term solvent

A

This is a substance that does not change its state during a dissolving process i.e. The substance in which the solute dissolves e.g. Water

68
Q

Give the definition of the term solution

A

A mixture containing the solute and solvent

Solution = solvent + solute

69
Q

Give the definition of the term residue

A

Solid particles trapped in filter paper e.g. Sand

70
Q

Give the definition of the term filtrate

A

Liquid particles that pass through the filter paper

71
Q

Give the definition of the term distillate

A

The liquid that condenses during distillation and is collected

72
Q

Give the definition of the term miscible

A

A liquid that mixes easily in another liquid e.g. Ethanol and water

73
Q

Give the definition of the term immiscible

A

A liquid that does not mix easily in another liquid e.g. Oil and water

74
Q

What is filtration used to separate

A

An insoluble solid from a liquid e.g. Sand and water

75
Q

What is Evaporation/Crystalisation used to separate

A

Used to separate a solute from a solvent e.g. Salt and water

76
Q

What is a separating funnel used to separate

A

Used to separate two immiscible liquids e.g. Oil and water

77
Q

When using chromatography why do we draw the base line in pencil

A

As the pencil doesn’t contain dyes and won’t dissolve

78
Q

Name an instrumental method which could be used to separate the food dyes in an orange juice drink

A

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

79
Q

What is the boiling point of water

A

100°

80
Q

What is the boiling point of ethanol

A

78°

81
Q

Which of the following statements about a sugar lump dropped into warm tea is false?
A) the particles of sugar are more widely separated in the solution than in the sugar lump
B) the particles of sugar move about more freely in the solution than in the sugar lump
C) the sugar lump melts in the warm tea
D) the sugar lump is bombarded more vigorously by the water particles in warm tea than in cold tea

A

C

82
Q

Using the technique of mass spectrometry chemists can do what

A

Accurately compare the masses of atoms and molecules

83
Q

The spectrum of an example of mass spectrometry shows a result for a sample of chlorine, it shows two different peaks one with mass of 35 and the other 37 (the peak of Cl 35 is triple the night of Cl 37)

What does the height of the peaks tell you

A

The relative amount of each element present

84
Q

The spectrum of an example of mass spectrometry shows a result for a sample of chlorine, it shows two different peaks one with mass of 35 and the other 37 (the peak of Cl 35 is triple the night of Cl 37)

What is the ratio of relative proportions of Cl-35 and Cl-37

A

3:1

Therefore for every 4 chlorine atoms, 3 of them will be chlorine 35 and one of them will be chlorine 37

85
Q

The spectrum of an example of mass spectrometry shows a result for a sample of chlorine, it shows two different peaks one with mass of 35 and the other 37 (the peak of Cl 35 is triple the night of Cl 37)

Using the info from the spectrum for chlorine work out the average and hence the value for RAM of chlorine. Bare in mind there is a ratio of 3:1

A

Average mass = mass x abundance
——————-
Total abundance

= (3x35) + (1x37) (75x35) + (25x37)
—————– OR ——————-
4 100
= 35.5 =35.5

86
Q

Exercise 1.7:
The spectrum shows the mass spectrum of methane, there is a peak shown as mass/charge ratio of 16:

Can you explain this peak shown

A

Methane is CH4
RMM of CH4 = 12 + (4x1)
= 16

The mass spectrum peak at 16 corresponds to its RMM (relative molecular mass)

87
Q

Predict what value you would expect to find a peak at for ethanol C2 H5 OH

A

(2x12) + (5x1) + 16 + 1

= 46

88
Q

By carefully interpreting data from mass spectrometry we can deduce what

A
  • the relative atomic masses of elements
  • the number of isotopes an element contains
  • the relative molecular masses of compounds and molecules
89
Q

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC):

What is this used to determine

A

The number of components in a mixture

90
Q

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC):

How do we know how many components there are in a mixture

A

Due to the number of peaks

91
Q

Where is gas liquid chromatography widely used in

A

The petrochemical industry, environmental monitoring and in chemical methods

92
Q

What are the benefits of using mass spectroscopy

A

Fast analysis

Results can be linked to database to identify substance

93
Q

What are the drawbacks of using mass spectroscopy

A

Expensive equipment

Presence of isotopes leads to more than one peak

94
Q

What are the benefits of using HPLC

A

Fast
Accurate
Use only minute samples

95
Q

What are the drawbacks of using HPLC

A

Sample must be liquid

Expensive

96
Q

State on disadvantage of HPLC

A

Expensive

97
Q

What label should be placed on the trace at y with a HPLC trace obtained using a mixture

A

Retention time

98
Q

If there are 2 peaks on a chromatogram, how many components are present in the mixture

A

2

99
Q 
Investigating the properties of iron, sulfur and iron sulfide:
List the appearances of these materials:
Iron
Sulfur
Iron-sulfur mixture
Iron sulfide
A

Iron - grey solid

Sulfur- yellow solid

Iron-sulfur mixture - grey and yellow solid mix

Iron sulfide - grey/black solid

100
Q

Investigating the properties of iron, sulfur and iron sulfide:
List if these materials are magnetic or non magnetic:
Iron
Sulfur
Iron-sulfur mixture
Iron sulfide

A

Iron - attracted ~ magnetic

Sulfur- not attracted ~ non magnetic

Iron - sulfur mixture = iron attracted (magnetic) sulfur is not attracted (non magnetic)

Iron sulfide - not attracted ~ non magnetic

101
Q

Investigating the properties of iron, sulfur and iron sulfide:
List the observations of these materials:
Iron
Sulfur
Iron-sulfur mixture
Iron sulfide

A

Iron - bubbles

Sulfur - no reaction

Iron-sulfur mixture ~ iron reacts, sulfur doesn’t

Iron sulfide - rotten egg smell

102
Q

Investigating the properties of iron, sulfur and iron sulfide:
Write a word equation for the formation of iron sulfide

A

Iron + sulfur —> iron sulfide

103
Q

Investigating the properties of iron, sulfur and iron sulfide:
Conclusion

A

Different elements have different properties. In a mixture the elements behave as if they were in their own. A compound is a new material that has its own properties

104
Q

When performing chromatography why is it important that the samples to be separated are above the solvent level in the beaker

A

Otherwise they will dissolve in the water

105
Q

When separating two immiscible liquids via a separating funnel e.g. Oil and water which is on top

A

Oil is on top and water is on the bottom

Year 10 Chemistry (4 decks)

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