GCSE Topic 3 - Bonding

Question 1

Fill in the gaps:
Most atoms do not have…………….: the exception being the…………..which have full shell of electrons giving the atoms a…….., …………….. All atoms like to obtain full outer shell as or provides a degree of………

Answer 1

Full electron shells
Noble gases
Stable, unreactive property
Stability

Question 2

Tell me about ions

Answer 2

• An atom becomes an ion if it loses or gains electrons
• An ion is a charged particle as the number of protons does not equal electrons
• In general loss or gain of electrons occurs in order to obtain a full outer shell. A full outer shell makes an ion stable

Question 3

Losing electrons:

What elements of the periodic table lose electrons

Answer 3

The left hand side elements of the periodic table (METALS) lose electrons

Question 4

Losing electrons:

Are the elements that lose electrons metals or non metals

Answer 4

Metals

Question 5

Losing electrons:

Why do metals lose electrons

Answer 5

To gain full outer shell configurations

Question 6

Losing electrons:

What do these elements form

Answer 6

They form positive ions known as cations

Question 7

Gaining electrons:

What elements of the periodic table gain electrons

Answer 7

The right hand side elements of the periodic table (NON METALS)

Question 8

Gaining electrons:

Are the elements that gain electrons metals or non metals

Answer 8

Non metals

Question 9

Gaining electrons:

Why do non metals gain electrons

Answer 9

To gain full outer shell configurations

Question 10

Gaining electrons:

What do these elements form

Answer 10

They form negative ions known as anions

Question 11

Explain molecular ions

Answer 11

Molecular ions are ions composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded

Question 12

List the molecular ions

Answer 12

Ammonium
Carbonate
Hypochlorite
Hydrogen carbonate 
Hydroxide
Nitrate
Sulphite
Sulphate

Question 13

Ionic bonding:

What does it occur between

Answer 13

Metals and non metals (i.e. Metal compounds)

Question 14

Ionic bonding:

Give an example of ionic bonding

Answer 14

When a Na and Cl atom react together, the Na atom loses its electrons to the Cl atom and two ions are formed with full outer shells

Question 15

Ionic bonding:

What attracts the ions

Answer 15

The opposite charges of the two ions attract each other strongly and requires a lot of energy to break them apart. This attraction is called an ionic bond

Question 16

Ionic bonding:
Summarise ionic bonding by filling in the gaps:
Occurs between……and……..(i.e. Metal compounds). The………..charges of the two ions…….each other strongly and requires a lot of energy to break them apart. This………is called an ionic bond

Answer 16

Metals
Non metals
Opposite
Attract
Attraction

Question 17

Covalent bonding:

What does it occur between

Answer 17

Two non metals

Question 18

Covalent bonding:

What groups are the elements involved in covalent bonding from

Answer 18

Groups 4-7

Question 19

Covalent bonding:

What do groups 4-7 need in order to gain full shells

Answer 19

They need to gain electrons

Question 20

Covalent bonding:

How do they gain electrons

Answer 20

They have to share electrons from their outer shells

Question 21

Covalent bonding:

What is a molecule

Answer 21

A molecule is a small group of atoms which are held together by covalent bonds

Question 22

Covalent bonding:

What does diatomic mean

Answer 22

Di means 2 and atomic means atoms

Question 23

Covalent bonding: In hydrogen for example, there are 2 atoms in each molecule, so what is hydrogen described as

Answer 23

Diatomic

Question 24

Covalent bonding:

What is a covalent bond

Answer 24

A covalent bond always results from a shared pair of electrons and thus is very strong

Question 25

Covalent bonding: | Explain what happens in a hydrogen covalent bond

Answer 25

Within the molecule each hydrogen donates 1 electron and thus a single bond is formed between them.

Question 26

Covalent bonding: | Sharing 1 pair of bonding electrons = what

Answer 26

A single covalent bond

Question 27

Covalent bonding: Summarise covalent bonding by filling in the gaps: Occurs between two........... i.e. Elements from groups 4-7 both needing to gain electrons to reach full shells. To manage this they have to......electrons from their outer shells

Answer 27

Non metals | Share

Question 28

Covalent bonding: | The formula for oxygen is O2 what does this show

Answer 28

The oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons, the bond between them is called a double bond shown in structural format as O=O

Question 29

Covalent bonding: | Each nitrogen has 5 electrons in its outer shell and therefore needs what

Answer 29

Needs 3 more in order to have a full shell

Question 30

Covalent bonding: | Summarise covalent bonding in a sentence

Answer 30

Covalent bonding occurs between two non metals which share pairs of electrons from their outer shells

Question 31

Covalent bonding: | Chlorine and oxygen are diatomic gases explain what diatomic means

Answer 31

There are two atoms chemically bonded together

Question 32

Covalent bonding: | Explain why sodium doesn't bond covalently with chlorine

Answer 32

As it's an ionic bond as sodium is a metal and chlorine is a non metal

Question 33

Metallic bonding: | Explain what happens in metallic bonding

Answer 33

Metal atoms are packed tightly together in a regular lattice. The tight packing causes outer electrons to get separated from their atoms and the result is a lattice of positive ions in a delocalised sea of electrons

Question 34

Metallic bonding: | What is the result of metallic bonding

Answer 34

A lattice of positive ions in a delocalised sea of electrons

Question 35

Metallic bonding: | In metallic bonding how are metal atoms positions

Answer 35

They are packed tightly together in a regular lattice

Question 36

Metallic bonding: | What is metallic bonding an attraction between

Answer 36

The positive ions and delocalised electrons