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Year 10 Chemistry > GCSE Topic 3 - Bonding > Flashcards

GCSE Topic 3 - Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Fill in the gaps:
Most atoms do not have…………….: the exception being the…………..which have full shell of electrons giving the atoms a…….., …………….. All atoms like to obtain full outer shell as or provides a degree of………

A

Full electron shells
Noble gases
Stable, unreactive property
Stability

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2
Q

Tell me about ions

A
  • An atom becomes an ion if it loses or gains electrons
  • An ion is a charged particle as the number of protons does not equal electrons
  • In general loss or gain of electrons occurs in order to obtain a full outer shell. A full outer shell makes an ion stable
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3
Q

Losing electrons:

What elements of the periodic table lose electrons

A

The left hand side elements of the periodic table (METALS) lose electrons

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4
Q

Losing electrons:

Are the elements that lose electrons metals or non metals

A

Metals

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5
Q

Losing electrons:

Why do metals lose electrons

A

To gain full outer shell configurations

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6
Q

Losing electrons:

What do these elements form

A

They form positive ions known as cations

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7
Q

Gaining electrons:

What elements of the periodic table gain electrons

A

The right hand side elements of the periodic table (NON METALS)

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8
Q

Gaining electrons:

Are the elements that gain electrons metals or non metals

A

Non metals

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9
Q

Gaining electrons:

Why do non metals gain electrons

A

To gain full outer shell configurations

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10
Q

Gaining electrons:

What do these elements form

A

They form negative ions known as anions

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11
Q

Explain molecular ions

A

Molecular ions are ions composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded

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12
Q

List the molecular ions

A 
Ammonium
Carbonate
Hypochlorite
Hydrogen carbonate 
Hydroxide
Nitrate
Sulphite
Sulphate
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13
Q

Ionic bonding:

What does it occur between

A

Metals and non metals (i.e. Metal compounds)

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14
Q

Ionic bonding:

Give an example of ionic bonding

A

When a Na and Cl atom react together, the Na atom loses its electrons to the Cl atom and two ions are formed with full outer shells

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15
Q

Ionic bonding:

What attracts the ions

A

The opposite charges of the two ions attract each other strongly and requires a lot of energy to break them apart. This attraction is called an ionic bond

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16
Q

Ionic bonding:
Summarise ionic bonding by filling in the gaps:
Occurs between……and……..(i.e. Metal compounds). The………..charges of the two ions…….each other strongly and requires a lot of energy to break them apart. This………is called an ionic bond

A 
Metals
Non metals
Opposite
Attract
Attraction
17
Q

Covalent bonding:

What does it occur between

A

Two non metals

18
Q

Covalent bonding:

What groups are the elements involved in covalent bonding from

A

Groups 4-7

19
Q

Covalent bonding:

What do groups 4-7 need in order to gain full shells

A

They need to gain electrons

20
Q

Covalent bonding:

How do they gain electrons

A

They have to share electrons from their outer shells

21
Q

Covalent bonding:

What is a molecule

A

A molecule is a small group of atoms which are held together by covalent bonds

22
Q

Covalent bonding:

What does diatomic mean

A

Di means 2 and atomic means atoms

23
Q

Covalent bonding: In hydrogen for example, there are 2 atoms in each molecule, so what is hydrogen described as

A

Diatomic

24
Q

Covalent bonding:

What is a covalent bond

A

A covalent bond always results from a shared pair of electrons and thus is very strong

25
Q

Covalent bonding:

Explain what happens in a hydrogen covalent bond

A

Within the molecule each hydrogen donates 1 electron and thus a single bond is formed between them.

26
Q

Covalent bonding:

Sharing 1 pair of bonding electrons = what

A

A single covalent bond

27
Q

Covalent bonding:
Summarise covalent bonding by filling in the gaps:
Occurs between two……….. i.e. Elements from groups 4-7 both needing to gain electrons to reach full shells. To manage this they have to……electrons from their outer shells

A

Non metals

Share

28
Q

Covalent bonding:

The formula for oxygen is O2 what does this show

A

The oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons, the bond between them is called a double bond shown in structural format as O=O

29
Q

Covalent bonding:

Each nitrogen has 5 electrons in its outer shell and therefore needs what

A

Needs 3 more in order to have a full shell

30
Q

Covalent bonding:

Summarise covalent bonding in a sentence

A

Covalent bonding occurs between two non metals which share pairs of electrons from their outer shells

31
Q

Covalent bonding:

Chlorine and oxygen are diatomic gases explain what diatomic means

A

There are two atoms chemically bonded together

32
Q

Covalent bonding:

Explain why sodium doesn’t bond covalently with chlorine

A

As it’s an ionic bond as sodium is a metal and chlorine is a non metal

33
Q

Metallic bonding:

Explain what happens in metallic bonding

A

Metal atoms are packed tightly together in a regular lattice. The tight packing causes outer electrons to get separated from their atoms and the result is a lattice of positive ions in a delocalised sea of electrons

34
Q

Metallic bonding:

What is the result of metallic bonding

A

A lattice of positive ions in a delocalised sea of electrons

35
Q

Metallic bonding:

In metallic bonding how are metal atoms positions

A

They are packed tightly together in a regular lattice

36
Q

Metallic bonding:

What is metallic bonding an attraction between

A

The positive ions and delocalised electrons

Year 10 Chemistry (4 decks)

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