Topic 1 – Lifestyle, Health & Risk Flashcards
Define Accuracy
How close the data is to the correct or accepted value.
Causation
A relationship between two values or pieces of data where one influences the
other.
Correlation
An observed relationship between two completely separate values or pieces of
data.
Precision
How close the repeated values of an experiment are to each other
Qualitative data
Data in the form of non-numerical qualities and characteristics
Quantitative data
Data in the form of measurable numbers and statistics.
Reliability
The ability to get consistent and repeatable results
Validity
How well the data measures what it is supposed to
Amylopectin
A branched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by
α-1,6 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylose
Amylose
An unbranched polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers joined by
α-1,4 glycosidic bonds that makes up starch along with amylopectin
Body mass index (BMI)
A method of measuring a person’s weight with respect
to their height to calculate whether they are of a healthy weight or not
Condensation reaction
A type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the
formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water
Disaccharide
Molecules formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides.
Ester bond
A type of bond formed by a condensation reaction which joins each of the fatty
acid tails to the glycerol molecule in a triglyceride.
Glycogen
A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used
as the main storage of energy in humans and animals
Glycosidic bond
A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction.
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
A dense molecule made of proteins and lipids
that is used to remove cholesterol from tissues and transport it to the liver for
excretion.
Hydrolysis
Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water
molecule.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
A lower density molecule made of proteins and
lipids that is used to transport cholesterol around the body to different tissues
which can cause cholesterol buildup in blood vessels.
Monosaccharide
The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are
made.
Polysaccharide
Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides
Saturated fatty acid
A type of fatty acid molecule containing only single bonds
between the carbon atoms
Starch
A polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage
of energy in plants
Triglyceride
A type of lipid formed from a molecule of glycerol joined by ester
bonds to three fatty acid molecules
Unsaturated fatty acid
A type of fatty acid molecule containing at least one
double bond in the carbon chain
Waist-to-hip ratio
A comparison of the size of a person’s waist to their
circumference of their hips which can be used to determine a person’s health risk
Anticoagulants
A class of drug used to stop blood from forming clots and used as a
treatment for CVD
Antihypertensives
A class of drug that is used as a treatment for high blood pressure
(hypertension)
Atherosclerosis
A disease caused by a buildup of fatty deposits within arteries which
narrows them and can restrict blood flow
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
A term used to describe a group of diseases related to the
heart and blood vessels
Coagulation
The process of blood turning into a gel and forming a clot, often in response to
a broken blood vessel to prevent blood loss
Risk factor
A factor that increases the likelihood of a person developing a disease
Statins
A class of drug that is used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood
Dipole
A molecule which has an unequal distribution of electrons which causes atoms in the
molecule to have partial charges
Mass transport
The bulk transport of substances to all parts of an organism using mass
flow
Solvent
A substance which solutes can dissolve in to form a solution
Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure
Arteriole
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.
Artery
A type of blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart
Atrial systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following diastole where the atria contract and
force the blood into the ventricles
Atrium
A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes
it on to a ventricle
Capillary
A very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance
exchange in tissues
Cardiac diastole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following ventricular systole where the atria
and ventricles are both relaxed and blood flows into the atria.
Coronary artery
The main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood
Left atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary
vein and passes it on to the left ventricle.
Left ventricle
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
and pumps it out of the heart to the rest of the body
Pulmonary artery:
The main artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lungs for reoxygenation.
Pulmonary vein
The main vein that carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs and
back to the heart.
Right atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood directly from the
vena cava and passes it on to the right ventricle
Right ventricle
: The chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumps it out of the heart to the lungs for reoxygenation
Vein
: A type of blood vessel that carries blood at lower pressure into the heart from other
parts of the body.
Vena cava
The main vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart
Ventricle
A type of chamber in the heart which receives blood from the atrium above it and
pumps it out of the heart
Ventricular systole
The phase in the cardiac cycle following atrial systole where the
ventricles contract and force the blood out of the heart and around the body
Venule
A smaller type of blood vessel that connects capillaries with veins
