Topic 1- Illusions

Question 1

Comes only work in…

Answer 1

Bright light

Question 2

What are cones sensitive to?

Answer 2

Colour!

Question 3

What is a schema?

Answer 3

A mental framework which helps us understand unusual scenarios- Expectations affect perception.

Question 4

Texture gradient is when…

Answer 4

The closer something is, the more texture can be seen.

Question 5

Relative size- closer/bigger or closer/ smaller?

Answer 5

Closer/Bigger

Question 6

What is linear perspective?

Answer 6

Where parallel lines seem to meet in the distance.

Question 7

Definition of a fiction.

Answer 7

When you perceive a shape that isn’t there.

Question 8

After effects are-

Answer 8

When you see the illusion differently after stimulus eg. Light.

Question 9

Ambiguous figures are-

Answer 9

When there is a stimulus with 2 or more interpretations.

Question 10

Distortions have a deceived…?

Answer 10

Perception - eg. Size or shape.

Question 11

Three strengths of Gregory’s theory.

Answer 11

Explains distortions well
Explains some ambiguous figures well
Explains some fictions well.

Question 12

Three weaknesses to Gregory’s theory.

Answer 12

Doesn’t explain all distortions
No explanation for müller lyer
Doesn’t explain ambiguous figures/ fictions well.

Question 13

Rods are … And respond to…

Answer 13

Are light sensitive and respond to movement

Question 14

Three strengths of Gestalts theory.

Answer 14

Explains ambiguous figures well- parts either figure or ground
Explains fictions well with closure
Explains müller lyer even with ⚫️’s

Question 15

Three weaknesses of Gestalts theory

Answer 15

Doesn’t explain why we see two triangles and not a six pointed star in the kanizsa triangle.
Doesn’t explain any other distortions
Different explanations for different illusions

Question 16

Bartlett (1932), North American folk tale- give four findings.

Answer 16

Form- order of events sticks
Details are often lost
Events are made less complex
Inaccurate details are often added.

Question 17

Definition of serial reproduction.

Answer 17

Information is passed via participants- differences of each version are measured.

Question 18

Definition of repeated production.

Answer 18

Participant given story or drawing, asked to remember then reproduce. Differences are measured.

Question 19

2 strengths of Bartlett’s study.

Answer 19

Both serial/repeated reproductions done many times which helped show that changes made followed a animist pattern
Other stories also used in serial reproductions, so findings can be applied to other unfamiliar material.

Question 20

2 weaknesses of Bartlett’s study.

Answer 20

By using unfamiliar material, can’t be sure findings would apply to familiar material
Participants during repeated reproduction not always tested after same time lapse- changes can’t be compared fairly.

Question 21

Carmichael et Al 1932- how verbal labels affect image recall- used what to gather results?

Answer 21

2 word lists with images and a control group without images.

Question 22

Conclusion of Carmichael’s study?

Answer 22

Memory of pictures is reconstructed- verbal labels affect the way images are perceived, so when images are recalled, memory of the word changes the way the image is represented.