Topic 1 - Garden Styles and Specialist Areas Flashcards

Question

Modernist Garden design - Wellbeing and Bio Diversity

Answer 1

Less welcoming but if planted in a sympathetic way it can attract pollinators

Answer 2

Challenging - large amount of salt, plants that can cope with that are (Halophytes). Windbreaks required. Climate can be milder and reduced chance of frosts.

Answer 3

Quercus ilex (wind break) Shrubs - Euonymus japonica

Answer 4

Relates to coast - shingle, drift wood

Answer 5

Close to water

Answer 6

Can grow some exotics

Answer 7

Based on large scale grasses and herbaceous perennials. Naturalist style with swathes blocks and drifts. Piet Oudolf refers to matrix planting.

Answer 8

Grasses - Stipa tenuisssima Miscanthus sinensis Daisies - Echinacea purpurea Spires - Actea simplex

Answer 9

There is none.

Answer 10

Naturalistic plant bring people in tune with nature.

Answer 11

Encourage wildlife

Answer 12

Sustainability is uppermost (Store carbon and biodiversity hot spots). The right plant in the right place. No bare soil. Seed local provenance. Dead wood and decaying is aloud. Associated with Beth Chatto - right plant, right place

Answer 13

Sustainable, locally sourced. Bark chippings on path for example.

Answer 14

Low growing bright plants. Naturalistic and informal. Often part of a larger garden. Work in a rocky landscape. Rocks should mimic a natural rocky outcrop.

Answer 15

Sempervivium 'Banyan' Saxifraga 'Kath Dryden'

Answer 16

Local stone if possible. Raised beds Troughs and containers Can use Sandstone, Hyper Tufa - bit more acceptable for sustainability

Answer 17

They come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Large and ornamental with a large fountain, or a small pond in a bog garden. Serpentine lakes in Country Gardens, gentle streams in Chinese and Japanese gardens.

Answer 18

Gunnera manicata Lobelia cardinalis

Answer 19

Permeable materials for paths - H&S Natural stone or reconstituted Ponds - Fibreglass butyl rubber liners

Answer 20

Belfast and Kew large ornate Victorian - good for large plants and ferns. National Botanic Garden Wales - Modern style Small displays of alpines - RHS Wisley

Answer 21

Always best to repurpose instead of buying new. Try to avoid ripping out and replacing. If possible reuse materials.

Answer 22

Environmental, sustainability, could be in keeping with garden (weathered), supports local economy, reduced disposal costs

Answer 23

Variable quality, limitations on supply, can be worn, could be hidden costs for installation

Answer 24

Durability, functionality, sustainability, costs, building regulations, supply chain availability, ethical sourcing, cultural sensitivities

Answer 25

Material, Dimensions, Surface finish, colour, manufacturer/brand

Answer 26

Wrought Iron

Answer 27

Cedar (because it doesn't rot) tends to be used for garden furniture

Answer 28

Natural stone - slate

Answer 29

Wood - Teak

Answer 30

Living fence - Willow

Answer 31

Sandstone (Limestone is protected)

Answer 32

Pressure treated wood

Answer 33

Linden Tree (Tilia cordata) Cupressus sempervirens 'Pyramidalis'

Answer 34

Dense foliage provides ample shade, creating comfortable, cool areas for visitors to sit and relax. Once established, Linden trees are hardy and require minimal maintenance, making them a practical choice for public gardens where maintenance resources may be limited. Aesthetic - The Linden Tree's symmetrical, pyramidal to rounded crown enhances the structured, geometric design typical of formal gardens. Often pleached to provide avenues.

Answer 35

t has a strong vertical form, often described as an exclamation mark. It can be pruned if needed as well to provide a more regular shape. This could make a single focal point or several can be used to line a formal pool. As they are so narrow, they cast little shade, so are valuable in smaller gardens as well.

Answer 36

Oak Tree (Quercus robur) Silver Birch (Betula pendula) They provide the canopy layer. They create the environment for all the other plant species to grow, and the biodiversity in the garden.

Answer 37

The majestic form, rugged bark, and seasonal changes in foliage make it a visually stunning focal point in a woodland setting. Generally low maintenance but may need occasional pruning to remove dead or diseased branches.

Answer 38

The white bark provides winter interest, while the delicate leaves and catkins add texture and movement in spring and summer

Answer 39

Malus spp. (Crabapple) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)

Answer 40

The Crabapple brings ornamental flowers and fruit, supporting pollinators and providing seasonal interest

Answer 41

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Cupressus sempervirens 'Pyramidalis'

Answer 42

Historically used in traditional medicine, the tree adds cultural and historical depth to the garden, wildlife habitat, and versatile uses as a tree or hedge.

Answer 43

Scots Pine provides structural height, wind protection, and evergreen beauty. Fits well into the naturalistic style often desired in coastal gardens.

Answer 44

Italian Cypress is well-suited to withstand strong coastal winds. When planted in rows or clusters, these trees can act as effective windbreaks, protecting more delicate plants and creating sheltered microclimates within the garden. Erosion Control: Their strong root systems can help stabilize soil, reducing erosion, which is particularly beneficial in sandy or loose coastal soils. Aesthetically, it offers architectural structure, year-round interest, and versatility in design

Answer 45

English Oak (Quercus robur) Silver Birch (Betula pendula)

Answer 46

Supports over 1,300 species of wildlife, including insects, birds, and fungi. It's particularly important for various moth and butterfly caterpillars. Food Source: Acorns, food source for many birds and mammals, such as jays, squirrels, and deer. Habitat Provision: The tree provides habitat and nesting sites for numerous bird species. Its rough bark offers a home for lichens and mosses, and the decaying wood supports fungi and invertebrates. Carbon Sequestration: Oaks are efficient at sequestering carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change mitigation.

Answer 47

Pioneer Species: Silver Birch is a pioneer species, meaning it is often one of the first trees to colonize disturbed lands, improving soil quality for other plants. Pollinator Support: The catkins provide early pollen for bees and other pollinators in spring. Biodiversity Support: Supports a variety of insects, including aphids, which in turn attract birds and other predators. The leaves are a food source for caterpillars of several moth species. Soil Improvement: The fallen leaves decompose quickly, enriching the soil with nutrients.

Answer 48

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Mountain Ash / Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)

Answer 49

Can thrive in well-drained, rocky soils and cooler climates. Tall, narrow growth habit makes it suitable for providing vertical interest and a backdrop to lower-growing alpine plants

Answer 50

The Rowan's adaptability to different soil types, including rocky and well-drained soils, makes it ideal for this setting. Slender trunk and an open, airy canopy.

Answer 51

* They provide a canopy layer * provision of shade to people, plantings, and buildings * privacy and screening * improved aesthetic value to garden area from colour texture and form * provision of focal points * framing views, creating a sense of place * reduction in windspeed and increase in relative humidity * provision of a backdrop for other plantings * provision of a sense of containment of space

Answer 52

Birches, such as the paperbark birch - Betula papyrifera make a strong statement in a modernist style with their bright white trunks. Ginkgo biloba has a strong architectural form with the distinctive fan shaped, bilobed leaves. NEEDS EXPANDING

Answer 53

Prune at the correct time for the species * Use the correct tools for the size of the branch to be pruned * Always use clean and sharp tools to prevent snagging and transferring diseases * Prune in the correct place – always above the branch collar * Prune in stages for larger branches * Assess whether the work should be carried out by a professional arboriculturist * Certification is required for the professional use of chainsaws in the UK.

Answer 54

Lower branches are removed to leave a clear trunk and allow light and air through for plants underneath. It could also allow room to walk under a tree and provide valuable shade for a seat underneath. Views can be opened to other parts of the garden.

Answer 55

Tree Preservation orders (TPO) The Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 makes it an offence to destroy bat roosts and the nest of any wild bird while it is in use or being built. Occupiers Liability Act - for visitors and trespassers not in danger

Answer 56

Will depend on the location Natural Plantings reflecting a wider landscape (Wales) Clean lines and minimalist - Modernist style

Answer 57

Framework - Cast iron, brick work, aluminum, steel. Cladding - Horticultural glass, safety glass, polycarbonate

Answer 58

Wood, aluminum or historically wrought iron

Answer 59

Pathways could be damp, branches, high humidity

Answer 60

Need adequate light Watch for other buildings and over hanging trees Enough space for maintenance around it Avoid cold areas otherwise have to pay for heating for tender plants

Answer 61

Closely and regularly clipped. Geometric shapes and lines. Small ones to provide edging to beds, larger ones to create rooms.

Answer 62

Openwork gate or fence or just an opening out to a wilder part of the garden

Answer 63

Thymus spp., Taxus baccata, C Betulas. Modern versions include maize and sunflowers

Answer 64

Typical Victorian gardens and used in public parks. Spring bullbs followed summer plantings. Can be edging plants as well. Dot plants such as Cordyline australis F1's good for uniformity

Answer 65

Distinct type of formal bedding. Foliage plants and much flatter. Close together to give appearance of woven carpet. Can be used to write name or advertising.

Answer 66

Coppicing is a traditional woodland management technique where trees or shrubs are cut down to ground level to encourage new shoots to grow from the stump or root system. This practice takes advantage of the tree’s natural ability to regenerate, and the new growth, or "coppice," can be harvested on a regular cycle (typically every 7 to 20 years, depending on the species). In a woodland garden, coppicing can be used for various purposes: 1. Sustainable Harvesting Timber and fuel: Coppicing provides a sustainable source of wood for firewood, poles, stakes, and even furniture making. The regular cutting of trees ensures a renewable supply of these materials. Craft materials: The shoots from coppiced trees, such as willow and hazel, are often used for weaving, basketry, and fencing (e.g., wattle hurdles). 2. Wildlife Habitat Coppicing creates a diverse range of habitats in the woodland garden. The cycle of cutting and regrowth leads to a mosaic of light and shade, encouraging a variety of plant species to flourish. This in turn attracts different insects, birds, and mammals, enriching the biodiversity of the garden. 3. Light Management By periodically cutting back certain trees or shrubs, more light can reach the forest floor. This allows smaller plants, like woodland flowers or herbs, to thrive. Coppicing can thus help manage light levels and create a layered, diverse garden structure. 4. Ornamental Use Some trees, like hazel, willow, or dogwood, are coppiced to maintain an attractive structure and vibrant new shoots. Regular coppicing keeps shrubs more compact, bushy, and visually interesting. 5. Controlling Growth Coppicing can also be used to control the size of trees or shrubs that might otherwise outgrow the space, helping to maintain an open and managed woodland feel.

Answer 67

Hyacinthoides non-scripta Anemone nemorosa Prmula vulgaris Galanthus nivalis

Answer 68

Woodland edge gardens are designed to create a layered effect, with taller trees in the back, followed by medium-sized shrubs, and lower-growing perennials in the foreground. This approach provides visual interest, biodiversity, and a more natural look, often attracting wildlife such as birds, pollinators, and beneficial insects. It can be a great way to introduce a feeling of woodland serenity into a garden while offering more variety in plant selection.

Answer 69

Can work in a small garden. Key things is it is made up of various layers.

Answer 70

Start with trees add shrubs, once established climbers. Herbaceous plants must work with dappled shade. Homes for wild life Don't be too tidy - allow decay and dead wood. Use mulch

Answer 71

Crab Apple Malus slyvestris Oak (Canopy) Foxgloves Holly - Ilex aquilfolium (Middle)

Answer 72

Pruning to prevent over growing Crown lifting to allow plants to grow Paths and furniture in keeping and maintained (bark chipping on paths for example)

Answer 73

Wakehurst (part of Kew Gardens)

Answer 74

Species planted in large numbers that acts as a background. Pulls everything together Amongst the drifts are strong or primary flowering plants They are main interest in colour Then scatter or secondary plants

Answer 75

Loose particles of rock that are found naturally on mountain sides They provide good protection and good drainage

Answer 76

It attracts wild life and if you have the resources can be very ornate. Shade of trees and falling leaves.

Answer 77

It allows gaps or voids to allow water to seep away. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS).

Answer 78

Removal of smaller branches, to produce uniform density of foliage. It doesn't change the the overall size and shape of the tree. It allows more light through

Answer 79

A reduction in the height and spread of a tree

Answer 80

Dutch elm Ash dieback Box blight and box tree caterpillar

Answer 81

Do they appreciate ecological plantings, is formal attractive or daunting. Are woodland just for walking.

Answer 82

Woodland - long term 20 years, prairie might need renewal over 5 years, different for modernist.

Answer 83

Compromises for formal, hardscaping in woodland to assist visitors

Answer 84

Sun make metail benches too hot, plastic more brittle. Increased rainfall and flooding. Better parking areas.

Answer 85

Heritage garden has links to slavery, a Victorian Millionaires home is not relevant.

Answer 86

Define key terms: Briefly define any important terms in the question. Provide context: Give a brief overview of the issue or topic. State your aim: Explain what you will discuss and mention the aspects you’ll cover. Then a balanced and detailed exploration of the subject. Present multiple perspectives, analyze the arguments, and provide evidence or examples to support your points. Link back to the question.

Answer 87

Assess, evaluate, or critique a particular subject Define terms Discuss the strengths and positive aspects of the topic. Then, evaluate its weaknesses, limitations, or challenges. Support your points with examples, evidence, or logical reasoning.