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Biology GCSE > Topic 1: Classification and Biodiversity > Flashcards

Topic 1: Classification and Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 levels of classification?

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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2
Q

What is a vertebrate?

A

An animal with a backbone.

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3
Q

What is an invertebrate?

A

An animal with no backbone.

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4
Q

What are the two broad groups of animals?

A

Vertebrates and invertebrates.

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5
Q

What are the two broad groups of plants?

A

Flowering and non-flowering.

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6
Q

What is a flowering plant?

A

A plant that produces flowers for reproduction.

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7
Q

What is a non-flowering plant?

A

Plants reproduces using spores.

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8
Q

What are the two types of living organisms?

A

Plants and animals.

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9
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Animal, plant, fungi, single-celled organisms, bacteria.

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10
Q

Why are scientific names used?

A

To avoid confusion between languages and they can be used internationally. Universal.

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11
Q

What is a morphological adaption?

A

Structural adaptions of the organisms.

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12
Q

What are some examples of morphological adaptions?

A

Colour of fur, leg length, petal shape, reduced size of appendix…

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13
Q

What are behavioural adaptions?

A

The behaviour of an organism.

Mostly in animals and not plants

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14
Q

What are some examples of behavioural adaptions?

A

The time of day an animal is active, the typesof food it eats…

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15
Q

Why are adaptions important?

A

It makes organisms more suited to their environment which helps them to survive and reproduce (as they can outcompete other individuals).

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16
Q

Resources needed for living things:

What is light needed by?

A

Plants to make food for energy.

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17
Q

Resources needed for living things:

What is food needed by?

A

Animals for energy.

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18
Q

Resources needed for living things:

What is water needed by?

A

All living organisms for chemical reactions that take place in cells.

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19
Q

Resources needed for living things:

What is oxygen needed by?

A

All living organisms that respire aerobically, to break down food and release its energy.

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20
Q

Resources needed for living things:

What is carbon dioxide needed by?

A

Plants for photosynthesis.

21
Q

Resources needed for living things:

What are minerals needed by?

A

All living organisms for chemical reactions that take place in cells.

22
Q

What does competition do to a population?

A

Puts a limit on the size of the population.

23
Q

What are 4 things animals compete for?

A

Mates
Space
Food
Water

24
Q

What are 4 things plants compete for?

A

Light
Water
Minerals
Space

25
Q

What 3 things contribute to the death rate of a group?

A

Predation, pollution and disease.

26
Q

Where does competition mainly take place?

A

Within the same species - they need the same resources.

27
Q

What is predation?

A

The preying of one animal on others.

28
Q

What are the 2 different types of competition in an ecosystem?

A

Interspecific and intraspecific competition.

29
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Organisms of different species compete for resources.

30
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Organisms of the same species compete for resources.

31
Q

Why is competition important and what does it lead to?

A

Necessary when resources are limited, leads to evolution by natural selection.

32
Q

What is the binomial system? (The two…)

A

The two parts of a name. Genus and species.

33
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The number of different species in a particular area.

34
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A
  • different organisms can provide food or useful industrial materials.
  • Some animals or plants may have useful medicinal properties.
  • Ecotourism benefits communities.
35
Q

What are 3 ways to maintain biodiversity?

A

breeding and release programmes
active conservation of habitats
controlling invasive species

36
Q

What are captive breeding programmes?

A

plans to help ensure the survival of a species by encouraging existing members of that species to breed together in enlcosures/zoos.

37
Q

What is an invasive species?

A

A species whose numbers grow faster than the native species.

38
Q

What is an alien species?

A

A species which is not native to a particular region/country.

39
Q

What is biological control?

A

The control of a pest by the introduction of a natural enemy/predator.

40
Q

What is the difference between conservation and preservation?

A
  • Conservation is the sustainable and active management of an ecosystem.
  • Preservation aims to maintain an ecosystem in its current state.
41
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A square made of wire, in which you measure the biodiversity of plants

42
Q

What is a quadrat used for?

A

A tool used to record the different plant species in a habitat.

43
Q

How to calculate population size of a particular area? (equation)

A

Example:

total grass plants found in sample x total area / total area sampled

44
Q

What is a transect?

A

A line across a habitat or part of a habitat. (String/ rope)

45
Q

What is a transect used for?

A

Investigate a gradual change in a habitat. (Not just the number of organisms within it)

46
Q

What is the capture/recapture technique used for?

A

It is used to estimate the population size of an animal species. (Better than quadrat method)

47
Q

What is the method of capture/recapture?

A
  1. animals are captured, eg using pitfall traps
  2. they are counted and marked in a harmless, inconspicuous way and then released
  3. traps are used again a few days later to recapture a sample of animals
  4. the numbers of marked and unmarked animals caught in the traps are recorded
48
Q

What is the equation for capture/recapture technique?

A

Number found in 1st sample x number found in 2nd sample / number found in 2nd sample which were already marked

Biology GCSE (9 decks)

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