Topic 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

A

More complex cells such as animal and plant cells

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2
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

A

A simpler, smaller cell such as bacteria

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3
Q

Where is a nucleus found?

A

In an animal cell

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4
Q

What is the nucleus’ job?

A

It contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell

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5
Q

Where is cytoplasm found?

A

In an animal cell

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6
Q

What is cytoplasms job?

A

It is where chemical reactions occur in the cell, it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions

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7
Q

Where is a cell membrane found?

A

The outside of an animal cell

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8
Q

What is the cell membranes job?

A

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

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9
Q

Where is mitochondria found?

A

Inside and animal cell

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10
Q

What is the job of mitochondria?

A

It is where most of the aerobic respiration reactions take place

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11
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

Inside and animal cell

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12
Q

What’s the job of a ribosome?

A

These are where proteins are made in a cell

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13
Q

Where is a cell wall found?

A

The outside of a plant cell

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14
Q

What is the cell walls job?

A

It supports the plant cell and strengthens it

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15
Q

Where is a vacuole found?

A

Inside a plant cell

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16
Q

What is the job of a vacuole?

A

Keeps the cell strong and contains a weak solution of sugars and salts

17
Q

Where is chloroplast found?

A

Inside a plant cell

18
Q

What is the job of chloroplast?

A

This is where photosynthesis occurs in a plant cell

19
Q

Where is chlorophyll found?

A

Inside chloroplast in the plant cell

20
Q

What is the job of chlorophyll?

A

Absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

21
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

Magnification=image size/real size

22
Q

What is differentiation?

A

The process when a cell changes to become specialised for its job

23
Q

Example of a specialised cell?

A

Sperm cell - specialised for reproduction

  • long tail and streamline head
  • lots of mitochondria for energy
24
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

They contain genetic information and are found in the nucleus of each cell
They are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules

25
Q

How many chromosomes are in each cell?

A

23 pairs

26
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The splitting of a cell into two identical replicas

27
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells that can turn into any cell, depending on what instructions they are given

28
Q

Where are stem cells found?

A

Early human embryos or in adult bone marrow

29
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of gas particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

30
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

31
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances into a cell using energy

32
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

Getting oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood