topic 1 - cell biology Flashcards
what is the nucleus
contains genetic info and controls all activities within the cell
what is the cytoplasm
it’s where most of the chemical reaction
what is the cell membrane
holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out ;)
mitochondria
where the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place
nah jk
powerhouse of the cell
ribosomes
where proteins are made
cell wall
rigid structure made of cellulose. supports and strengthens cell
rigid basically = hard
permanent vacuole
contains cell sap
noice.
chloroplast
where photosynthesis happens. has a green thing called chlorophyll
bacterial cells
bacteria are prokaryotes. doesn’t have a nucleus but has its dna floating freely within it. they also have plasmids.
light microscopes
uses light and a lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify.
basically poor man equipment
electron microscopes
uses electrons. superior magnifications and resolution. stupidly expensive ngl
only alphas use this
resolution
the ability to distinguish between two points.
can’t believe i just said “the ability”
what is a specialised cell?
it’s something that performs a specific function. most cells are specialised and it can look very different compared to ur textbook model.
cell differentiation
the process which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
ex. of specialised cells
sperm cells ;) nerve cells muscle cells root hair cells phloem and xylem cells
chorosomes
they are long lengths of dna. dna is coiled up to form the arms of the chromosome
mitosis
mitosis is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical offspring
what are stem cells
stem cells are undifferentiated cells, can be used in medicine
v underrated imo
diffusion
diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
farts.
what is the rate of diffusion affected by?
the concentration gradient
the temp
the surface area
osmosis
osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
active transport
active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy transferred during respiration
magnification
image / actual
