Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Flashcards
what is in the centre of an atom
nucleus
where are the electrons in an atom found
arranged in electron shells that surround the nucleus
where are protons and neutrons found
in the nucleus
what charge is protons
+1
what charge is neutrons
0
what charge is electrons
-1
what is the overall charge of an atom
no overall charge because the electrons and protons cancel each other out
atomic number
number of protons in the atom
mass number
total number of protons and neutrons
isotope
atoms of the same element but have different mass - they have the same atomic number but they have different masses/different number of neutrons
relative mass of an isotope
the isotopes mean mass numbers
relative atomic mass (RAM)
the mean mass of an atom of an element
RAM of an isotope calculation
RAM = (%isotope x mass of isotope) + (%isotope x mass of isotope)
100
on an atom which is on the top answer which is on the bottom (atomic number and mass number)
atomic mass number is on top
atomic number is on the bottom
how are the elements arranged in the modern periodic table
in order of increasing atomic number
what are the horizontal columns in the periodic table called
period/row
how are the elements grouped
similar chemical properties
where are the non-metals on a periodic table
on the right side of the stair case
what are the vertical columns in the periodic table called
groups
electron configuration meaning
the way in which an atoms electrons are arranged
what is the general electron configuration
2.8.8
how can you figure out the group number of an element
the number of electrons in the outer shell
how do you figure out what row/period an elements in
the number of electron shell’s that the element has
how many groups are there
8
what’s special about the number of electrons in group 8
the elements in group 8 always have a full outer shell
why did Mendeleev swap the positions of iodine and tellurium in his periodic table
To align iodine with elements that share similar chemical properties
why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
To make predictions about the properties of undiscovered elements based on the properties of nearby elements
