Topic 1 - Atomic Structure And Periodic Table

Question 1

What are all substances made from?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 3

How many elements are there?

Answer 3

About 100

Question 4

Where are elements shown?

Answer 4

Periodic table

Question 5

How are compounds formed?

Answer 5

chemical reactions of elements

Question 6

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 6

The formation of 1 or more new substances - often involving a detectable energy change

Question 7

What are compounds?

Answer 7

Contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Question 8

How do you separate compounds into elements?

Answer 8

Chemical reactions

Question 9

What is a mixture?

Answer 9

Two or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined together

Question 10

Why are mixtures different from compounds?

Answer 10

Chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged

Question 11

What are the 5 ways that mixtures can be separated?

Answer 11

Filtration
Crystallisation 
Simple Distillation 
Fractional distillation 
Chromatography

Question 12

How do physical changes differ from chemical changes?

Answer 12

Do not involve chemical reactions

No new substances are made

Question 13

What is the nucleus?

Answer 13

Middle of atom which contains protons and neutrons so has a positive charge

Question 14

What are electrons?

Answer 14

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in shells

Question 15

What is the mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 15

Proton 1
Neutron 1
Electron 1/1830

Question 16

What is the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 16

Proton +1
Neutron 0
Electron -1

Question 17

What is the atomic number?

Answer 17

Number of protons/electrons

Question 18

What is the mass number?

Answer 18

Number of protons + neutrons

Question 19

What are isotopes?

Answer 19

Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 20

What can new experimental evidence leads to?

Answer 20

Models being changed or replaced

Question 21

Before the discovery of the electron, what were atoms thought to be?

Answer 21

Tiny spheres that couldn’t be divided

Question 22

What did the discovery of the electron lead to?

Answer 22

The plum pudding model of the atom - suggesting that the atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 23

What did alpha particle scattering experiments lead to?

Answer 23

The conclusion that the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre and was charged (nucleus) - this nuclear model replaced the plum pudding model

Question 24

How did Neil’s Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

Answer 24

He suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances - the theory agreed with experimental observations

Question 25

What happened after Niels Bohr adapted the nuclear model?

Answer 25

Experiments led to the idea that positive charge of the nucleus can be subdivided into a number of smaller particles each with the same amount (protons)

Question 26

What did the experimental work of James Chadwick lead to?

Answer 26

Evidence to show the existence of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 27

Do atoms has an overall charge?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

How large are atoms?

Answer 28

0.1 nm

Question 29

How large is the radius of a nucleus?

Answer 29

1/10000

Question 30

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 30

Average value that takes account of the abundance of the element

Question 31

How are elements in the periodic table arranged?

Answer 31

In order of atomic number so elements with similar properties lie in the same group

Question 32

What do elements in the same group of the periodic table share?

Answer 32

Have they same number of electrons in their outermost shell giving the similar chemical properties

Question 33

How did scientists classify elements before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 33

Arranging them into order of their atomic weights

Question 34

Why were the early periodic tables bad?

Answer 34

Incomplete | Elements placed in inappropriate groups if order of atomic weights was followed

Question 35

How did Mendeleev solve the problems with the early periodic table?

Answer 35

Left gaps for undiscovered elements | Changed some orders

Question 36

How was the periodic table completed?

Answer 36

Elements with properties predicted by Mendeleev were discovered and filled the gaps

Question 37

What did the knowledge of isotopes show?

Answer 37

Why the order based on atomic weights was not always correct

Question 38

What is a metal?

Answer 38

Elements that react to form positive ions

Question 39

What are nonmetals?

Answer 39

Elements that do not form positive ions

Question 40

How are metals bonded?

Answer 40

Metallic bonding

Question 41

What are the features of a metal?

Answer 41

Strong but malleable Good Heat and electrical conductors Night melting and boiling points

Question 42

What are the features of a non-metal?

Answer 42

``` Dull looking Brittle Not always solids at room temperature Lower density Can’t conduct electricity generally ```

Question 43

What group of the periodic table are transition metals found in?

Answer 43

Between 2 and 3

Question 44

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 44

``` Can have more than one ion Often coloured Good catalysts Dense Strong Good conductors ```

Question 45

What is group 0 also known as?

Answer 45

The noble gases

Question 46

What are the properties of noble gases?

Answer 46

Unreactive because the atoms have stable arrangements of electrons and a full outer shell

Question 47

How does the boiling point of noble gases change as they go down the table?

Answer 47

Increases

Question 48

What our group 1 of the periodic table also known as?

Answer 48

Alkali metals

Question 49

How many electrons do group 1 elements have in their outer shell?

Answer 49

1

Question 50

What are the properties of alkali metals?

Answer 50

Soft Low density Increasing reactivity (down the table) Lower melting and boiling points (down the table)

Question 51

Describe the reaction between water and alkali metals?

Answer 51

Produce hydrogen and metal hydroxides Vigorous reaction Amount of energy released increases as you go down the group

Question 52

Describe the reaction between Chlorine and Alkali metals?

Answer 52

Vigorous (increases as you go down the table) | Heated to Form white metal chloride salts

Question 53

Describe the reaction between oxygen and alkali metals?

Answer 53

Form metal oxide

Question 54

How are group one properties different from the properties of transition metals?

Answer 54

Group one are more reactive Group one are less strong, dense and hard Group one have lower melting points

Question 55

What is group 7 in the periodic table also known as?

Answer 55

The halogens

Question 56

Why do all group 7 elements have similar reactions?

Answer 56

Because they all have seven electrons in their outer shell

Question 57

What are the halogens?

Answer 57

Non-metals that consist of molecules made up of pairs of atoms

Question 58

What happens to the properties of group 7 elements as you go down the table?

Answer 58

Reactivity decreases | Higher melting and boiling points

Question 59

What are the properties of fluorine?

Answer 59

Very reactive Poisonous Yellow gas

Question 60

What are the properties of chlorine?

Answer 60

Fairly reactive Poisonous Dense Green gas

Question 61

What are the properties of bromine?

Answer 61

Dense Poisonous Red-brown volatile liquid

Question 62

What are the properties of iodine?

Answer 62

Dark grey Crystalline solid or purple vapour

Question 63

What is a displacement reaction between halogens?

Answer 63

A more reactive halogen can displace the salt of a less reactive halogen