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1. IMMUNOSERO PRELIM > TOPIC 1 ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY > Flashcards

TOPIC 1 ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY Flashcards

1
Q

Substance recognized as foreign by the body.

A

Antigen

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2
Q

Complete antigen that is capable of inducing an immune response.

A

IMMUNOGEN

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3
Q

THEY ARE ALSO ANTIGENS, BUT NOT ALL ANTIGENS ARE ____

A

IMMUNOGEN

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4
Q

Immunogen that (needs T-CELLS)

A

THYMIC-DEPENDENT IMMUNOGEN

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5
Q

Immunogen that (doesn’t need T-CELLS)

A

THYMIC-INDEPENDENT IMMUNOGEN

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6
Q

Specific region of an antigen that reacts with an antibody (T lymphocyte receptor).\

A

ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT/EPITOPE

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7
Q

When epitope region of the antigen combines with paratope region of antibody then form

A

ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEX

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8
Q

A small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as protein

A

HAPTEN

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9
Q

IT NEEDS A PARTNER OR LARGE MOLECULES TO PRODUCE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

HAPTEN

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10
Q

Any substance/s that enhances the immune system response

A

ADJUVANTS

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11
Q

ADDED IN VACCINES TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE IN INDUCING OR TRIGGERING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

ADJUVANTS

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12
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNOGENICITY

A

Foreignness
Drgradability
Molecular weight
Structural Stability
Complexity

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13
Q

degree to which antigenic determinants are recognized as non-self by an individual immune system

A

Foreignness

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14
Q

for an antigen to be recognized as foreign, sufficient antigen to stimulate an immune system must be present

A

Degradability

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15
Q

the higher the molecular weight, the better the molecule will function

A

Molecular weight

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16
Q

REQUIRED MOLECULAR WEIGHT:

A

> 10 000 DALTONS

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17
Q

if a molecule is an EFFECTIVE ANTIGEN, the _______ is MANDATORY

A

Structural Stability

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18
Q

the more complex an antigen, the greater its effectiveness

A

Complexity

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19
Q

More complex protein

A

Proteins
Carbohydrates

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20
Q

Less complex proteins

A

Lipids
Nucleic acids

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21
Q

Types of antigen

A

Exogenous antigen
Endogenous antigen
Auto antigen
Super antigen
Alloantigens
Heterophile antigens

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22
Q

antigen that comes from the outside of the body through (inhalation, ingestion, injection) aka foreign antigen

A

Exogenous antigens

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23
Q

antigen that body’s own cell or fragments of antigenic products

A

Endogenous antigens

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24
Q

antigen that are normal cells of the body but recognized of the immune system as antigen

A

auto antigen

25
antigen that causes the immune system to activate your T cells resulting to T cells activation and large amount of cytokine production
super antigen
26
antigens formed in different numbers of the same species
alloantigens
27
closely related antigens or identically seen in different species
heterophile antigens
28
antibody comes from?
Plasma Cells
29
aka immunoglobulin
antibody
30
antibody aka
immunoglobulin
31
Glycoprotein substance produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen
Antibody
32
Functions of Antibody
- Neutralizes toxic substances - Facilitates phagocytosis and kills microbes - Combines with antigen causing destruction of cells
33
Theories of Antibody production
Instructive Theory a. Direct template theory b. indirect template theoery Selective Theory a. natural selection theory b. side chain theoory c. clonal selection theory
34
What theory Immunocompetent cell is capable of synthesizing antibodies of all specificity Antigen plays a central role in determining the specificity of antibody molecule
Instructive theory
35
first postulated by Breinl and Haurowitz (1930). A particular antigen or antigenic determinants would serve as a template against which antibodies would fold.
Direct template theory
36
First postulated by Burnet and Fenner (1949) The entry of antigenic determinants into the antibody producing cells induced a heritable change in these cells
Indirect template theory
37
the antibody molecule plays a central role in determining its specificity. The immune system already possesses pre-formed antibodies of different specificities prior to encounter with an antigen
Selective theory
38
- Proposed by Jerne (1955) - during the embryonic life, millions of globulin molecules were formed against all possible range of antigens - the antigen when introduced to the host combines selectively with the globulin molecule that has the nearest complementary fit.
Natural selection theory
39
- Proposed by Ehrlich (1898) - immunocompetent cells have surface receptors that are capable of reacting with antigens, which have complementary side chains
Side chain theory
40
- Proposed by Burnet (1959) - an individual B cell expresses receptors specific to the distinct antigen, determined before the antibody ever encounters the antigen. - only one type of antibody and one type of B cell responds to the antigenic determinant, that cell type then produces a large number of clones.
Clonal selection theory
41
BASIC STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
2 heavy chain 2 light chain
42
DISCOVERED THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
- Gerald Edelman and Rodney Porter.
43
binds to the immune cells for the elimination of antigen (serves for the determination of your Immunoglobulin types)
HEAVY CHAIN
44
binds to the antigenic determinant or the epitope of on an antigen
LIGHT CHAIN
45
2 types of light chain
Kappa Lambda
46
5 types of heavy chain
IgM IgG IgA IgD IgE
47
2 types of domains
Variable regions Constant regions
48
domain that is unique to a specific antibody molecule
variable region
49
domain that is found the carboxy-terminal end
constant region
50
3 types of antibody variation
Isotype Allotype Idiotype
51
variations in light and heavy chain
Isotype
52
species specific variations on constant domain
Allotype
53
variation of the variable region
Idiotype
54
- Treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as PAPAIN (cleaves the antibody into 3 [2 FAB and 1 FC] and PEPSIN (cleaves the antibody into 2 [1 FAB and 1 FC] degrades the antibody fragments.
BIFUNCTIONALITY OF ANTIBODY
55
what are the binding sites of antibody
Fragment Antigen Binding Fragment Crytallizable
56
antigen binding site
Fragment Antigen Binding
57
Biological activity site
Fragment crystallizable
58
cleaves the antibody into 3 [2 FAB] and [1 FC]
PAPAIN
59
cleaves the antibody into 2 [1 FAB and 1 FC]
PEPSIN

1. IMMUNOSERO PRELIM (6 decks)

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