Topic 1 Flashcards
Give 3 points about being ill in medieval times:
- towns were more deadly places to live.- only the rich could afford to see a doctor.- life was nasty, hard and short.
Give 2 examples of herbal remedies that were believed to work:
- to treat asthma, swallow young frogs.- to treat ringworm, wash your hair with males urine.
Give 2 examples of effective medical care before medieval times:
- skull trepanning , removed a piece of skull which helped to relieve pressure on brain.- raman, good sanitation.
Why were muslim writers important to western medicine?
Because they played an important role in saving much of lost knowledge and translating the works of ancient greece and rome into arabic.
Who was Avicenna (Ibn Sina)?
One of the most celebrated philosophers and physicians in the early islamic empire. He wrote many texts on a wide range of subjects.
Why are Avicenna’s writings so important?Give examples.
Because 40 of his medical texts have survived. The important ones “The book of healing” and “cannon of medicine” were used to train doctors into the 1700’s.
What were Islamic hospitals like? (3)
- they were states of medical education as well as healing.- trained students there.- clean.
What was Hippocrates main theory? (460 - 370)
The idea that your body is made of blood (air), yellow bile (fire), black bile (earth) and phlegm (water).
How did Hippocrates believe people should be cured?
To keep the 4 humours in balance. Different foods and seasons could affect them so it was important to do all things in moderation to keep things balanced.
Why was Hippocrates considered to be the father of modern medicine?
Because his princable was “do not harm” and his basis is still used - Hippocrate Oath is an oath used to make the doctors promise to only do what is best. Also, his idea of a balanced lifestyle is used.
Hippocrates was…
GREEK
Galen was…
ROMAN
How did Galen (130 - 210 AD) arrive in Europe?
Via islamic texts and beliefs.
How was Galen trained? (3)
He studied medicine in Egypt before moving to Rome then took Hippocrates oath further. He practised dissection on animals in order to better understand the human body. Worked for 3 years as a doctor in a gladiatior school.
Why did Galen’s writings become accepted as universety medical texts?
Because Galen reffered to a creator, the church accepted it and said it would be good to be used. The Church was very important.
Why might Medeival ideas about Galen’s work have a limited progress?
People believed Galen’s work was completely correct since it was accepted by the Church so no one attempted to improve it.
Who is more significant in modern medicine - Galen or Hippocrates?
Galen showed us the importance of taking the pulse as part of the diagnosis.Hippocratic oath is still used and he showed us the importance of diet and rest.
Give 3 facts about Galen:
- he proved the brain controlled the body and not the heart.- he did a public dissection of a live pig.- he wanted to learn about the inside of the body.
Explain how people thought bad smells caused disease:
They believed the bad smells infected people. People lived close together alongside animals and filth.
Explain how people thought witchcraft caused disease:
People believed the world was full of demons who wanted to cause trouble. Only unexpected things were blamed on witchcraft.
Explain how people thought God caused disease:
To punish people for their sins.
2 main causes of death:
warfamine
What medical care did the rich have access to?
Arab doctors, physicians, surgeons etc
What medical care did the poor have access to?
Wise women, lady of the house.
What medical care was in the towns?
- doctors- apothecarries- surgeons- wise women- lady of the house
What medical care was in the country?
mainly wise women and lady of the housessome apothecaries and barber surgeons travelled with fairs.
What was used to cure headaches?Did this work?
Drinking warm camomile tea then lying down on rosemary and lavender scented pillows for 15 minuites.Yes because lavender helps people sleep and headaches can be caused by lack of sleep.
Who would have given people remedies?
- apothecaries- wise women.
What did people think caused tooth ache and how did they cure it?
TOOTH WORMS.Putting a candle of sheep suet, some eringo seed, BURN IT NEAR TOOTH with water underneath and worms would jump out.
2 tools doctors had for diagnosing illnesses:
- urine.- zodiac chart.
How did physicians use urine to diagnose illness?
Look at the colour, smell it and sometimes even taste it.
What did a zodiac chart do?
Tell a physician which parts of the body were linked to which astrological sign and then indicate what the physician might do to cure a patient.
Who was John Arderne?
A man who worked as a surgeon on the battle field which helped him deal with major wounds.
