TOPIC 1

Question 1

What is Psychology?

Answer 1

Study of mind, human behavior, thoughts, emotions

Question 2

What did psychology emerge from?

Answer 2

Physiology and philosophy

Question 3

Psychology Controversies

Answer 3

Stability vs. Change
Nature vs. Nurture
Determinism vs. Free Will
Unconsciousness vs. Conscious

Question 4

Who opened first psychology lab?

Answer 4

Wundt

Question 5

Research Area: Experimental -focuses on what?

Answer 5

Sensation, perception, conditioning,learning, motivation

Question 6

Research: Psychology

Answer 6

Study role of brain, nervous system, biochemicals and genetics on behavior

Ex: What is the biological cause of skypsofrenia

Question 7

Research:Cognitive Psychology

Answer 7

Higher mental -memory, language, reasoning, problem solving, creativity
Ex: How does forgetting occur?

Question 8

Research: Developmental Psychology

Answer 8

How we change over time -memory, Friendships

Question 9

Research:Psychmetrics

Answer 9

Statistics and measurments to study behavior

Ex: What is prevelance of depression? Gender biased?

Question 10

Research:Personality Psychology

Answer 10

What shapes our personality and how to measure it

Ex: What is shyness and how does it develop?

Question 11

Research: Social Psychology

Answer 11

Group behavior, relationships between people and role of social forces

Ex: What causes us to be attracted to certain people and not others?

Question 12

Applied/professional areas: Clinical Psychology

Answer 12

Do therapy and assessments and work with people who have major problems (disorders) (serious)

Question 13

Applied/professional: Counseling Psychology is opposite of Clinical Psychology

Answer 13

Less serious mental issues, should I stay in this relationship or get out of it?

Question 14

Applied/professional: Education and school psychology

Answer 14

School psychologist who does testing and how do I help them do best in a school environment. Talk to parents, teachers

Question 15

Applied/professional: Industrial and organization psychology

Answer 15

Apply to workplace. How to be creative in workplace? Should we change workplace setting?

Question 16

The Scientific Method involves…

Answer 16

Empirical and objective evidence -has to be SCIENTIFIC

Question 17

Determinism

Answer 17

events that can be predicted (pattern) not random

Question 18

Objectivity

Answer 18

verified by others and replicated

Question 19

Data-Driven

Answer 19

findings have to be supported by evidence and have empirical questions

Question 20

Empirical Questions

Answer 20

can be answered

Question 21

Psychology as a science must be able to…

Answer 21

Describe, predict, and explain behavior

Question 22

The Research Process

Answer 22

Research= method of collecting information or data in a systematic, objective way and analyzing it with statistics to see if it was or is significant or meaningful

Question 23

2 types of research

Answer 23

Basic (adds to our knowledge)

Applied (addresses practical issues and problems)

Question 24

Why conduct research? 3 Can lead to mistakes…

Answer 24

Hindsight bias: “I knew it all along” after correct answer was given, but did not know before…

Judgemental overconfidence: Think we know more than we do

Tendency to percieve patterns in random events: “well that is because of this… Supersticious”

Question 25

Steps in Conducting Research:

Answer 25

1) Develop a research question that is specific and testable (empirical question)
2) State hypothesis (specific and testable)
3) Operationally define variables -clear, concrete, specific definitions or variable
4) identify the research design that will be used

Question 26

Descriptive research design

Answer 26

observe or measure 1 variable at a time (use statistics)

ex) how much sugar is consumed with children with ADHD

Question 27

Correlational design

Answer 27

Degree to which 1 variable influences another
ex) does more sugar lead to more hyperactivity?

closer to 0=weaker -.93= very strong

As one value of one variable goes up, the other variable goes up. both up or both decrease

NO MATTER HOW STRONG THE CORRELATION IS, IT CAN NEVER TELL YOU CAUSATION

Question 28

Experimental design

Answer 28

Control all variables besides the one you are studying to see how it affects your dependent variable. Manipulating independent variable

CAN DETERMINE CAUSALITY -ONLY ONE

Question 29

Random assignment

Answer 29

randomly assign people to groups (control/experimental)

Control group= do not get independent variable

Question 30

Blind Study

Answer 30

Participants don’t know which group they are in

Question 31

Double blind study

Answer 31

Participants and researchers don’t know which group the people are in

Question 32

Case study

Answer 32

Study 1 person

Question 33

Observation

Answer 33

= observe and code the behavior of the group

Question 34

Survey

Answer 34

Have participants fill out responses to a variety of questions

Question 35

Archival

Answer 35

use information that has already been collected by another agency, like school or by another study

Question 36

Physiological responses

Answer 36

measure bodily responses, such as insulin levels, heart rate, blood pressure

Question 37

Psychological tests

Answer 37

measures used to assess a specific trait or disorder related to psychology -ADHD or anxiety

Identify the measures that will be used for each variable (relates to operational definition)

Question 38

The normal curve called the _____ depicts the frequency of many behaviors in psychology

Answer 38

The bell curve

Question 39

Qualities of a good scientist

Answer 39

open-minded, skeptical, ethical, cautious