topic 1 Flashcards
skill
a learned action or learned behavior with the intention of bringing out predetermined results
ability
an stable trait that determines an individual potential to learn a skill
basic skill
requires a few descisions and a lower level of co-ordination and concentration
complex skill
require lots of descisioms and a high level of co-ordination and concentration
gross skill
using large muscle groups to perfrom big powerful movements
fine skills
using small muscle groups with accuracy and coordination
self paced skill
the rate and pace of the skill is decided by the performer
externally paced skill
the rate and pace of the skill is decided by an external factor
open skill
performed in a certain way to deal with a changing enviroment
closed skill
performed the same way each time as it isnt affected by the enviroment or performers
performance goals
driven by personal achivement , a personal best
outcome goals
based on specific desired results
SMART goals
Specific- to meet demands of sport
Measurable
Accepted- by coach
Realistic
Time-bound - deadline
information processing model
input
descision making
output
feedback
input
taking information of their enviroment via their senses
descision making
can useshort term memory if they have made a similar descision in the last few minutes
or can use long term memory and then select a response
output
the descision is sent to the appropriate musclesfor the response.
visual guidance
watching an instructor, video footage, images or diagrams
pros of visual guidance
quick and consise
beginners can copy
slow motion replay for complex skills
cons of visual guidance
difficult to demonstrate complex skills
performers need to be paying attention
verbal guidance
explanations on how to do things, or audible cues on when to move/hold
pros of verbal guidance
can be provided whilst the action is being performed
easily combined with other forms of guidance
cons of verbal guidance
less suitable for beginnerd because of technical language
complex skills are hard to explain
manual guidance
coaches may physcically move body parts in to the correct position
pros of manual guidance
useful for beginners to get the feel
safety
help to develop complex skills
cons of manual guidance
only on an individual basis
less suitable for elite performers
physcial contact requires consent
mechanical guidance
sports equipment being used to assist the performer
pros of mechanical guidance
useful for beginers to get the feel of the motion
saftey
builds confidence without fear of injury
cons of mechanical guidance
can become reliant on the support
mistakes in technique can become engraned
positive feedback
explains what a peformer is doing right, better for beginners
negative feedback
explains what a peformer is doing wrong, better for elite
extrinsic feedback
provided by an outside observer, better for beginners
intrinsic feedback
comes from within, a feeling/ sense, better for elite
knowledge of results
provides feedback on the outcome, better for beginners
knowledge of performance
focuses on individual elements of a performance, better for elite peformers
arousal
a state of physical and mental alertness or readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitment
how do low arousal levels affect performance
performers get bored and lose focus, better for fine skills
how do high arousal levels affect performance
stress levels build, better for gross skills
deep breathing
performers exaggerate breaths to reduce stress, increase oxygen to the brain, and maintain a calm rhythm to their breathing.
positive self talk
performer gives themself instruction or encoragment in their head, to create positivity
visulisation
mentally picturing themself performing a skill or imagining positive outcomes to help them relax and focus
direct aggression
an act that involves physical contact, e.g rugby tackle or boxing punch
indirect aggression
an act on an object to gain advantage, e.g hitting a tennis ball hard
introverts
individuals who are shy, quiet, thoughtful and enjoy being on their own
what sports do introverts prefer
individual sports, that require low arousal levels, fine skills and precision or concetration.
extroverts
individuals who enjoy social interation, are enthusiastic and talkative.
what sports do extroverts prefer
team sports that are fast paced and require gross skills and lower concentration
intrinsic motivation
a sense of pride, satisfaction and self worth that comes from within
extrinsic motivation
a drive that comes from external factors, like praise or trophies
which type of motivation is more effective
intrinsic, because you will have sustained effort, rather than short-lived feelings
