TOPIC 1-

Question 1

What are the 4 types of microbes?

Answer 1

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and protists

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A microbe that causes a disease

Question 3

How do bacteria cause disease?

Answer 3

They produce toxins

Question 4

How do Viruses cause disease?

Answer 4

They invade cells and destroy them

Question 5

In what four ways are pathogens spread

Answer 5

By air, direct contact, food and water

Question 6

How are pathogens spread by air?

Answer 6

By droplets from coughs, sneezes and talking

Question 7

How are pathogen spread by direct contact?

Answer 7

Touching, sexual contact and animal vectors

Question 8

How do we prevent the transmission of airborne diseases?

Answer 8

Wear a mask, isolate infected individuals, ventilation

Question 9

How do we prevent the transmission of food-borne diseases?

Answer 9

Cook food thoroughly and store food in appropriate temperature

Question 10

How do we prevent the transmission of direct contact diseases?

Answer 10

Wash hands and wear a condom.

Question 11

How do we prevent the transmission of a water- borne
disease?

Answer 11

Drink sterilised water

Question 12

What are the physical barriers the body has to prevent infection?

Answer 12

skin, stomach acid, scabs, tear glands , mucus and cilia

Question 13

What type of cells kill the pathogen that enter the body

Answer 13

White blood cells

Question 14

What type of cells provide long term immunity

Answer 14

Memory cells

Question 15

What do white blood cells and memory cells produce that kill pathogens?

Answer 15

Antibodies

Question 16

What is a vaccine?

Answer 16

A dead or weakened pathogen

Question 17

What systems do vaccines stimulate in the body?

Answer 17

The immune system

Question 18

What does the vaccine stimulate to be produced in the body?

Answer 18

Memory cells for the specific pathogen

Question 19

What is the advantage of getting vaccinated

Answer 19

Antibodies are produced more rapidly in higher numbers

Question 20

What it is called when a high enough percentage of the population has immunity to a disease, which stops the spread of the pathogen?

Answer 20

Herd immunity

Question 21

What are antibiotics?

Answer 21

Drugs used to treat bacterial infections by damaging the cell wall.

Question 22

What are painkillers?

Answer 22

Drugs used to treat symptoms of a disease, they cannot cure a disease

Question 23

What microorganism is used to make antibiotic pencilin

Answer 23

Fungi

Question 24

What is antibiotic resistance

Answer 24

when the DNA of the bacteria changes, making them unable to be killed by certain antibiotics

Question 25

What can cause antibiotic resistance

Answer 25

Over-use of antibiotics and not completing a course of antibiotics

Question 26

What is it called when practices and procedures are used to prevent contamination from microbes during microbiology experiments

Answer 26

Aseptic technique

Question 27

What does the clear are around the paper disk indicate, when it has been soaked in antiseptic

Answer 27

That the bacteria have been killed the antiseptic