TOPIC 1- Flashcards
microbes, pathogens, diseases ect.
What are the 4 types of microbes?
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and protists
What is a pathogen?
A microbe that causes a disease
How do bacteria cause disease?
They produce toxins
How do Viruses cause disease?
They invade cells and destroy them
In what four ways are pathogens spread
By air, direct contact, food and water
How are pathogens spread by air?
By droplets from coughs, sneezes and talking
How are pathogen spread by direct contact?
Touching, sexual contact and animal vectors
How do we prevent the transmission of airborne diseases?
Wear a mask, isolate infected individuals, ventilation
How do we prevent the transmission of food-borne diseases?
Cook food thoroughly and store food in appropriate temperature
How do we prevent the transmission of direct contact diseases?
Wash hands and wear a condom.
How do we prevent the transmission of a water- borne
disease?
Drink sterilised water
What are the physical barriers the body has to prevent infection?
skin, stomach acid, scabs, tear glands , mucus and cilia
What type of cells kill the pathogen that enter the body
White blood cells
What type of cells provide long term immunity
Memory cells
What do white blood cells and memory cells produce that kill pathogens?
Antibodies
What is a vaccine?
A dead or weakened pathogen
What systems do vaccines stimulate in the body?
The immune system
What does the vaccine stimulate to be produced in the body?
Memory cells for the specific pathogen
What is the advantage of getting vaccinated
Antibodies are produced more rapidly in higher numbers
What it is called when a high enough percentage of the population has immunity to a disease, which stops the spread of the pathogen?
Herd immunity
What are antibiotics?
Drugs used to treat bacterial infections by damaging the cell wall.
What are painkillers?
Drugs used to treat symptoms of a disease, they cannot cure a disease
What microorganism is used to make antibiotic pencilin
Fungi
What is antibiotic resistance
when the DNA of the bacteria changes, making them unable to be killed by certain antibiotics
What can cause antibiotic resistance
Over-use of antibiotics and not completing a course of antibiotics
What is it called when practices and procedures are used to prevent contamination from microbes during microbiology experiments
Aseptic technique
What does the clear are around the paper disk indicate, when it has been soaked in antiseptic
That the bacteria have been killed the antiseptic
