Copy of Copy of Year 9 Mid Point Assessment Core Qs Bio only 24_25 - Biology Flashcards
What is an organism?
A living thing
Which organelle contains DNA and controls the cell’s activities?
Nucleus
Which organelle controls what enters and exits the cell?
Cell Membrane
Which organelle is a gel like substance where chemical reactions happen?
Cytoplasm
Which organelle is the site of respiration (energy release)?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the ribosome?
Protein synthesis
Which organelle strengthens and supports the cell?
Cell Wall
Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Which organelle contains cell sap which keeps the cell turgid (firm)?
Vacuole
Name the five organelles found in an animal cell.
Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, cytoplasm
What are the differences between an animal cell and a plant cell?
Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole, animal cells do not
Give three examples of specialised cells in animals
Red Blood Cell, Nerve Cell, Muscle Cell
Give two examples of specialised cells in plants
Root Hair Cell, Palisade Cell
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that carry out a specific function
What is an organ?
A group of different tissues that carry out a specific function
What is an organ system?
A group of different organs that carry out a specific function
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles in a plant cell that contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis
Where does the energy needed for photsynthesis come from?
Light
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
What are stomata?
Small holes on the underside of the leaf through which carbon dioxide can enter and water and oxygen can leave
What do plants do with the glucose produced by photosynthesis?
- Use it for respiration 2. Store it as starch 3. Use it to make cell walls
What is the name of the chemical added to a leaf in order to test for starch?
Iodine solution
What colour change would you expect to see from iodine if starch is present?
Brown to blue-black
What is respiration?
A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose
Where does respiration take place in a cell?
Mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose → Lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
What is the process called in which yeast respire anaerobically to produce alcohol?
Fermentation
Why do your heart rate and breathing rate increase when you exercise?
To provide more oxygen to the muscles to increase the amount of aerobic respiration
What happens if not enough oxygen is received by muscles during exercise?
They will respire anaerobically, releasing lactic acid that will cause muscle fatigue
What are the 4 types of microbes?
Bacteria, Viruses, fungi and protists
What is a pathogen?
A microbe that causes a disease
How do bacteria cause disease?
They produce toxins
How do viruses cause disease?
They invade cells and destroy them
In what four ways are pathogens spread?
By air, direct contact, food and water
How are pathogens spread by air?
By droplets from coughs, sneezes and talking
How are pathogens spread by direct contact?
Touching, sexual contact and animal vectors
How do we prevent the transmission of airborne diseases?
Wear a mask, isolate infected individuals, ventilation
How do we prevent the transmission of direct contact diseases?
Wash hands and wear condoms
How do we prevent the transmission of food-borne diseases?
Cook food thoroughly and store food in appropriate temperature
How do we prevent the transmission of water-borne diseases?
Drink sterilised water
What are the physical barriers the body has to prevent infection?
Skin, stomach acid, scabs, tear glands, mucus and cilia
What types of cells kill pathogens that enter the body?
White blood cells
What types of cells provide long term immunity?
Memory cells
What do white blood cells and memory cells produce that kill pathogens?
Antibodies
What is a vaccine?
A dead or weakened pathogen
What system do vaccines stimulate in the body?
The immune system
What does the vaccine stimulate to be produced in the body?
Memory cells for the specific pathogen
What is the advantage of getting vaccinated?
Antibodies are produced more rapidly and in higher numbers
What is it called when a high enough percentage of the population has immunity to a disease, which stops the spread of the pathogen?
Herd immunity
What are antibiotics?
Drugs used to treat bacterial infections by damaging the cell wall
What are painkillers?
Drugs used to treat the symptoms of a disease, they cannot cure a disease
What microorganism is used to make the antibiotic Penicillin?
Fungi
What is antibiotic resistance?
When the DNA of bacteria changes, making them unable to be killed by certain antibiotics
What can cause antibiotic resistance?
Over-use of antibiotics and not completing a course of antibiotics
What is it called when practices and procedures are used to prevent contamination from microbes during microbiology experiments?
Aseptic technique
What does the clear area around the paper disk indicate, when it has been soaked in antiseptic?
That the bacteria have been killed by the antiseptic
