Topic 1 Flashcards
Cell Theory
The Functions of Life
Metabolism, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Homeostasis, Excretion, Nutrition, Growth
Cell Theory
Three Parts of Cell Theory/Creator
- Living organisms are composed of cells (or cell products)
- The cell is the smallest unit of independent life
- Cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
Creator of the Cell Theory was Theodor Schwann
Cell Theory Discrepancies
Striated muscle – composed of fused cells that are multinucleated, Giant algae – unicellular organisms that are very large in size (~7 cm), and Aseptate hyphae – lack partitioning and have a continuous cytoplasm
Characteristics of Paramecium
A unicellular organism that is photosynthetic .
Characteristics of Chlamydomonas
A unicellular alga that resides in soil and freshwater habitats. It is green and carries out photosynthesis, but is not a true plant.
Spontaneous Generation/ Experiments
This is the formation of cells from non-living matter. Experiments that have explored this were conducted by Miller and Urey.
Definition of polymerization, monomer and polymer
Polymerization- The process by which molecular molecules come together in a chemical reaction in order to form polymer chains.
Monomer- A molecule with the ability to be bonded to other identical molecules in an effort to form a polymer.
Polymer- A substance consisting of molecules that holds repeating units.
Two properties of RNA that would have allowed it to play a role in the origin of life
They have the ability to drive chemical reactions. They carry genetic information such as DNA.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Differences
Prokaryotes: DNA is naked, DNA is circular, Usually no introns, No nucleus, 70S ribosomes, Via binary fission, Single chromosome, and Smaller (~1 – 5 µM).
Eukaryotes: DNA bound to protein, DNA is linear, Usually contains introns, Has a nucleus, 80S ribosomes, Via mitosis and meiosis, Paired chromosomes, and Larger (~10 – 100 µM).
Definition of Extracellular
Situated or taking place outside of the cell.
Definition of Resolution
Making individual parts of an object distinguishable by eye.
Maximum Resolutions of a light microscope vs. an electron microscope
Light Microscope-200 nanometers
Electron Microscope-1 nanometer
This means that the electron microscopes have the ability to reveal the ultrastructure of a cell, but a light microscope can only reveal the simple structure.
Structures that are visible with electron microscopes but not with a light microscope
Cell membranes, ribosomes, and filaments.
Definition of Micrograph
A micrograph is a photograph that was taken through the means of a microscope.
Magnification of a micrograph vs. magnification of a microscope
The image depicted within a microscope is often smaller than a micrograph or drawing. That means a microscope is more magnified than a micrograph.
