Topic 1 - 1.2 - Lipids and proteins Flashcards
What are amino acids?
They consist of an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to a carbon atom and an R group that varies between amino acids.
What is a peptide bond?
Is the bond formed by the Condensation reaction between amino acids
What is a dipeptide bond?
Is two amino acids joined by a peptide bond
What are lipids made of? And how do they bond?
Fatty acids and glycerol combined using an Ester bond.
In what two ways can fatty acids vary?
The length of the carbon chain can differ which gives the fatty acid different chemical properties.
The fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated
What is different about unsaturated fats?
They contain double bonds
What is the difference between monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fat?
In a monounsaturated there is only one double bond between the carbon and hydrogen molecules.
In a polyunsaturated fat there are more of these double bonds
How does a fat form?
Results when a glycerol combines with one,two or three fatty acids. This can from a mono-glycerine, di-glyceride or triglyceride.
How is an Ester bond formed?
A bond is formed via a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and one of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol. This type of Bond is called esterification. The nature of the fat forms depends on which fatty acids react
Describe the structure of a fatty acid.
They have a long long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at the end. They often are drawn with an R group which represents the hydrocarbon chain
How is a phospholipid formed?
A simple phospholipid is formed when one of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol undergoes an esterification reaction with a phosphate group instead
Describe the structure of a phospholipid?
The polar phosphate head is hydrophilic
The lipid tails are hydrophobic
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
This is when there is water based solution on either side of the membranes. The hydrophilic heads point outwards and the hydrophobic tails point inwards
What is a micelle?
A cluster of phospholipids
