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ORAL PHYSIOLOGY > Top 13 (Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Productions) > Flashcards

Top 13 (Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Productions) Flashcards

1
Q

There are multiple points of clinical intersection among the fields of dentistry and speech.

A

Phonation & Vocal Tract Modulations

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2
Q

What are the managements of the following disorders (Phonation & Vocal Tract Modulations)

A
  • Articulation
  • Resonance
  • Swelling
  • Speech
  • Supplementation of dysarthric speech
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3
Q

Making of sound.

A

Articulation

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4
Q

The voice quality of the result from the sound made.

A

Resonance

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5
Q

It is caused by congenital cleft of the lip and palate.

A

Swelling

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6
Q

It is due to morphologic variations in the facial skeleton and its oral tissue.

A

Speech Disorder

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7
Q

It occurs when the muscle you use is weak.

A

Supplementation of Dysarthria Speech

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8
Q

Resulting from neuromuscular dysfunction

A

Supplementation of Dysarthria Speech

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9
Q

Adaptive technology: palatal lifts or obturators

A

Neuromuscular Dysfunction

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10
Q

Consider oral health initiatives in patients living in long term facilities who have:

A
  1. Speech and swallowing difficulties
  2. Feeding problem in newborn babies with
    dentofacial disorders due to fetal alcohol syndrome
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11
Q

____ and ____ cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy are at risk for dental difficulties.

A

Head and neck

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12
Q

Head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy are at risk for dental difficulties.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Patients should NOT see their dentist before starting head and neck radiation therapy.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

Patients should see their dentist before starting head and neck radiation therapy.

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14
Q

The DENTAL PROFESSIONALS needs knowledge of:

A
  • Speech production patterns
  • Swallowing dynamics
  • Understanding the nueral basis of language
    comprehension and production
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15
Q

It is the professional with specialized training who works on rehabilitation of disordered speech and swallowing.

A

Speech Pathologist

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16
Q

A speech pathologist is the professional with specialized training who works on ____.

A

Rehabilitation of Disordered Speech and Swallowing.

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17
Q

Normal speech production is a highly regulated process requiring interchange among:

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Laryngeal
  3. Vocal tract structures of the human body
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18
Q

Speech production mechanism depends on the:

A
  1. Respiratory system
  2. A laryngeal vibration
  3. A functioning set of resonating cavities
  4. Rapid movement of coarticulating organs or
    articulators
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19
Q

What are the functioning set of resonating cavities:

A
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Oral cavity
  • Nasal cavity
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20
Q

What are the rapid movement of coarticulating organs or articulators:

A
  • Tongue
  • Lips
    -Teeth
  • Alveolar ridge
  • Hard palate
  • Velum
  • Pharynx
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21
Q

What are any change that affects:

A
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Movement
  • Timing of these organa will alter the acoustic output
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22
Q

Subsequent Alteration =

A

Speech variation or disorder

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23
Q

Try gently lifting your voice box while saying /ah/ and notice he change in the sound you hear. This change in sound, a ____.

A

perceived elevation of pitch

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24
Q

It is actually the result of shortening of the vocal tract and not a change in the vibrating frequency of the vocal folds.

A

perceived elevation of pitch

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25
Q

What are included in Phonation:

A
  • Larynx
  • Vocal cords
  • Glottis
  • Vocal Folds
  • Arytenoid cartilages
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26
Q

It is when human sound first initiated

A

Larynx

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27
Q

2 paired thyroarytenoid muscles obstruct the airflow generated upwards from the lungs.

A

Vocal cords

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28
Q

It is made of muscle and ligament.

A

Vocal cords

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29
Q

It is covered with mucosa.

A

Vocal cords

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30
Q

It stretches from the front of the larynx.

A

Vocal cords

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31
Q

It is the space between the vocal cords.

A

Glottis

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32
Q

peak of glottal area is usually between ____ and ____ during voicing for adults.

A

0.05 and 0.2 cm2

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33
Q

13-18 mm long (females)
17-23 mm long (males)

A

Vocal Folds

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34
Q

How long is the vocal folds of the females?

A

13-18 mm long

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35
Q

How long is the vocal folds of the males?

A

17-23 mm long

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36
Q

It is attached posteriorly to 2 arytenoid
cartilages which sit atop the cricoid cartilages.

A

Vocal Folds

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37
Q

At puberty the adolescent male’s vocal folds grow rapidly in ____ and ____.

A

length and mass.

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38
Q

During adolescence, male vocal folds double in length and pitch drops by ____.

A

one octave

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39
Q

At puberty the adolescent male’s vocal folds grow rapidly in length and mass. During adolescence, male vocal folds double in length and pitch drops by one octave. The adolescent male’s voice may exhibit ____ during this rapid.

A

pitch breaks

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40
Q

It moves in a complex pattern.

A

Arytenoid Cartilages

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41
Q

Arytenoid Cartilages move in a complex pattern like:

A
  • Simplistically
  • Rocking
  • Rotating
  • Sliding
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42
Q

With neural input it change it’s position to cause the vocal folds to:

A
  • Adduct
  • Abduct
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43
Q

means close

A

Adduct

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44
Q

means open

A

abduct

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45
Q

It is attached anteriorly to a fixed point on
the thyroid cartilage.

A

Vocal Folds

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46
Q

Size of the open glottis is accordingly controlled
by:

A
  1. Arytenoids
  2. Tension within the thyroarytenoid (vocal fold) muscles
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47
Q

Contraction of the cricothyroid muscle (moving the cricoid cartilage further away from the thyroid cartilage) stretches the vocal folds, leading to their elongation, and serving as a ____.

A

pitch change mechanism for voicing

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48
Q

It regulated the inward-outward flow of air.

A

Vocal Folds

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49
Q

Relaxed and air flows freely with minimal
hindrance with a wide glottis.

A

Vocal Folds

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50
Q

It has a wide glottis.

A

Vocal Folds

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51
Q

During voicing, what moves toward each other, causing the vocal folds to approximate or adduct and produce a partial closing of the glottis, and obstruct the airflow from the lungs?

A

Arytenoid Cartilages

52
Q

During voicing the arytenoid cartilages move toward each other, causing the vocal folds to ____.

A

Approximate or Adduct

53
Q

During voicing the arytenoid cartilages move toward each other, causing the vocal folds to approximate or adduct and produce a partial closing of the ____, and obstruct the airflow from the lungs.

A

Glottis

54
Q

Tension from the ____ is added, and pressure below the adducted vocal folds increases.

A

thyroarytenoid muscles

55
Q

The compressed air beneath the vocal folds forces them apart.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

56
Q

The vocal foldds are then brought back together by two forces:

A
  1. The elasticity of the vocal folds
  2. Bernoulli effect
57
Q

The sound produced by the ____.

A

Vocal Folds

58
Q

Is the result of careful and coordinated use of air
pressure produced by the ____.

A

respiratory system

59
Q

Lung pressure during voicing is released ____.

A

slowly

60
Q

In a clinical speech laboratory, the easiest
measurement to obtain and evaluate is the:

A

Measure of intraoral pressure, using a
small intraoral catheter.

61
Q

Measuring the pressure in the ____, during
the production of repetitive productions provides
an indirect measure of pressure at the ____.

A
  • oral cavity
  • glottis
62
Q

Abnormal findings may be indicative of a variety of issues, including:

A
  • velopharyngeal insufficiency and poor laryngeal closure.
  • or it can suggest errors in degree, timing, or location of vocal tract constrictions.
63
Q

It is the duration of one cycle of vocal fold
vibration.

A

Fundamental Frequency/Pitch Period

64
Q

Indicates that when pressure between the vocal folds drops, negative pressure is created, causing the vocal folds to become sucked inward

A

Bernoulli’s Effect

65
Q

The entire process repeats itself for as long as the aerodynamic and muscular conditions for phonation are met

A

Bernoulli’s Effect

66
Q

The resulting vibrations/oscillations generate quasi-periodic broad spectrum excitations (or puffs of vibrating air)

A

Bernoulli’s Effect

67
Q

Their quality is akin to a “buzz-like” sound.

A

Bernoulli’s Effect

68
Q

Sound generated by the larynx is referred to as the sound source and visualized in a sound spectrum

A

Bernoulli’s Effect

69
Q

Sound generated by the larynx is referred to as the ____ and visualized in a ____.

A
  • sound source
  • sound spectrum
70
Q

These excitations of air are propelled into the
vocal tract.

A

Bernoulli’s Effect

71
Q

These excitations of air are propelled into the
____.

A

vocal tract

72
Q

What are the vocal tract modulation:

A
  • Vocal Tract
  • Transfer Function
  • Amplitude Spectrum
  • Horizontal Axis
  • Spectrum
73
Q

The area existing from the superior surface of the vocal folds through to the lips and including coupling of the nasal passages.

A

Vocal Tract

74
Q

Has an average length of 17cm in a male and is shorter in length for females.

A

Vocal Tract

75
Q

Its shape is nonlinear.

A

Vocal Tract

76
Q

It consists of a set of cavities where sounds are
resonated.

A

Vocal Tract

77
Q

The articulators of the vocal tract include the
tongue, lips, teeth ,Alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, and pharynx

A

Vocal Tract

78
Q

The articulators of the vocal tract include the:

A

tongue, lips, teeth, Alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, and pharynx

79
Q

Consider the source as the energy of the system
being modified by the supralaryngeal vocal tract’s filter which can either suppress the energy or amplify the energy.

A

Vocal Tract

80
Q

Consider the source as the energy of the system
being modified by the ____ which can either suppress the energy or amplify the energy.

A

Supralaryngeal vocal tract’s filter

81
Q

For vowels, the vocal folds produce a harmonic-rich signal that falls at or near resonance peaks in the vocal tract, which then enhances or amplifies them

A

Vocal Tract

82
Q

Any change in the acoustic output necessarily represents a change in the status of the speech organs.

A

Vocal Tract

83
Q

This can be visualized by use of a frequency-amplitude spectrum, also called a transfer function.

A

Vocal Tract

84
Q

Represents the acoustic response of the air in the vocal tract cavities.

A

Transfer Function

85
Q

Where the vertical axis represents amplitude.

A

Amplitude Spectrum

86
Q

Represents frequency, is commonly used by speech pathologists.

A

Horizontal Axis

87
Q

The final output of the combined interaction of the source and the filter and is visualized by SPECTOGRAMS

A

Spectrum

88
Q

Allows the investigator to surmise considerable information about speech production.

A

Spectograms

89
Q

The frequency of a signal is drawn on the ordinate, and time is represented on the abscissa.

A

Spectograms

90
Q

Amplitude of the signal is indicated by the darkness of the signal.

A

Spectograms

91
Q

Besides vowels, the vocal tract is responsible for the production of consonants.

A

Coarticulation

92
Q

Consonants can be formed from a periodic

A

Coarticulation

93
Q

Consonants can be formed from a periodic like:

A

○ Glottal tone
○ An aperiodic turbulent noise
○ Or a combination of the two.

94
Q

The tighter vocal tract constriction needed for the
consonants results in less radiated sound energy
than vowels.

A

Coarticulation

95
Q

Consonants, like vowels, initiate as they transition
from the acoustic characteristics of the preceding sounds and then.

A

Coarticulation

96
Q

What are the 2 categories of Speech Sounds:

A
  • Plosives Sounds
  • Fricative Sounds
97
Q

Occur when the vocal tract is completely occluded by the articulators.

A

Plosives Sounds

98
Q

This complete obstruction of airflow occurs in sounds such as /p/,/b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /g/.

A

Plosives Sounds

99
Q

Pressure increases behind the obstruction or point of articulation in the oral cavity, and sound is subsequently emitted when the obstruction is released.

A

Plosives Sounds

100
Q

The /p/, /t/, and /d/ are referred to as voiceless plosives, as they do not require vocal fold vibration at initiation.

A

Plosives Sounds

101
Q

The /p/, /t/, and /d/ are referred to as____, as they do not require vocal fold vibration at initiation.

A

voiceless plosives

102
Q

They have a more intense burst, followed by significant aspiration. The glottal pulse (for the next sound) begins thereafter.

A

Plosives Sounds

103
Q

The timespan between the two events is referred to as voice onset time and reflects articulator- laryngeal coordination

A

Plosives Sounds

104
Q

The timespan between the two events is referred to as ____ and reflects articulator- laryngeal coordination

A

voice onset time

105
Q

____ (i.e., /b/, /d/ and /g/), glottal pulsing begins with the ____ itself. The spectrogram clearly illustrates the timing of these events

A
  • Voiced plosives
  • plosive
106
Q

It requires a tongue constriction in the back, center, or front of the oral tract.

A

Fricative Sounds

107
Q

Constriction using the teeth or lips is possible (i.e., an /f/or /[/as in the initial sound in “shoe”).

A

Fricative Sounds

108
Q

The constriction separates the oral tract into front and back Cavities.

A

Fricative Sounds

109
Q

The glottal airflow is then rushed through the narrowed port with the tongue helping to channel the air.

A

Fricative Sounds

110
Q

The ____ is then rushed through the narrowed port with the tongue helping to channel the air.

A

glottal airflow

111
Q

The spectrum is characterized as “noisy” because there is evidence of both noise and harmonics.

A

Fricative Sounds

112
Q

The spectrum is characterized as ____ because there is evidence of both noise and harmonics

A

“noisy”

113
Q

The spectrum is characterized as “noisy” because there is evidence of both ____ and ____.

A

noise and harmonics

114
Q

What are the other sound activities:

A
  • Nasal
  • Affricates
115
Q

The sound source is quasi-periodic, emanating from the vocal folds.

A

Nasal

116
Q

The vocal tract adjusts to lower the velum, preventing large airflow through the oral cavity.

A

Nasal

117
Q

Sound is predominantly radiated from the nostrils for the three nasals: /m/, /n/, and /n/ as in the last sound of “wrong.”

A

Nasal

118
Q

Are consonant plosive-fricative combinations.

A

Affricates

119
Q

This means that the sound rapidly transitions from the plosive to the fricative articulation.

A

Affricates

120
Q

The fricative is preceded by a complete constriction of the oral cavity, formed at the same place as the plosive.

A

Affricates

121
Q

Affricates Example:

A

/ts/ in “chew” and the /d3/ as in “just.

122
Q

Clinical Correlations:

A
  • Cleft Palate
  • Facial Skeleton Variation
  • Neurological Dysfunction
123
Q

Cleft Palate:

A
  • Incomplete Cleft Plate
  • Unilateral Complete lip and palate
  • Bilateral Complete lip and palate
124
Q

Refers to a disorder of the central nervous system and affects this efficiently of brain processes.

A

Neurological dysfunction

125
Q

Neurological dysfunction refers to a disorder of the central nervous system and affects this efficiently of brain processes

It includes:

A

○ Increased intracrnail pressure ○ Headache
○ Seizure
○ Epilepsy

ORAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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