Tooth morphology Flashcards
What is th (bi)furcation of a tooth
The top of the space between the root canals, its the little curve you can see
Whats the difference between a pulp chamber and root canal
Pulp chamber = inside the crown
Root canals - thin lines in the root
What are the 4 main parts of a tooth
Enamel
Dentine
Pulp
Cementum
What does mesial and distal mean
Mesial - towards midline
Distal - away from midline
What does buccal/labial mean
Towards cheek/lips - outer
What does lingual/palatal mean
Towards tongue/palate - inner
What are the different types of tooth
Incisors
Canines/cuspids
Premolars/bicuspids
Molars
What is the function of incisors
cutting, scooping, picking up objects and grooming
What is the function of canines
holding prey, display, slashing and tearing when fighting
What is the function of the premolars
holding, carrying, breaking food into small pieces
What is the function of molars
grinding food into small pieces with flat occlusal tables.
Describe the characteristics of a canine’s root and crown
Single root - longest root Root curves distally Maxillary wider than mandibular Shorter mesial vs distal slope Convex cingulum Slightly concave fossa
Describe the characteristics of the upper first premolar’s roots and crowns
Two roots
Occlusal groove extends over mesial marginal ridge
Buccal cusp taller than palatal cusp
How can you tell the difference between the Max 1st and 2nd premolars
Second = single root, occlusal groove doesn't extend over mesial marginal ridge First = two roots, occlusal groove does extend over mesial marginal ridge
What shape are the cross sections of the Max 1st and 2nd premolars
rectangular
How can you tell the difference between the Mand. first and second premolars
P1 buccal cusp much larger than lingual cusp
P2 buccal cusp only just larger than lingual cusp
P1 buccal cusp much taller than lingual cusp
P2 buccal cusp only just taller than lingual cusp
P1 has a mesiolingual developmental groove
What shape are the cross sections of the Mand. 1st and 2nd premolars
Circular
How can you tell between between the Max and Mand premolar cusps
Maxillary = wider bucco-lingually Mandibular = wider mesio-distally
What is the major unique feature of maxillary molars
Oblique ridges
What is the biggest cusp on Maxillary and Mandibular molars
Maxillary = Mesio-Palatal - fits into mandibular fossa Mandibular = Mesio-Buccal
How many cusps are there on mandibular molars
4/5
How many types of which roots do maxillary molars have
2 buccal and 1 palatal
How many types of which roots do mandibular molars have
1 mesial, 1 distal
Whats the small cusp on the Mand. first molar
Disto-buccal
What the cross section shape of the max first molar and mandibular first molar
Max first molar = Square
Mand first molar = Rectangular
What the difference between the Mand. first and second molars
1st = 3 buccal, 2 lingual cusps 2nd = 4 equal cusps
Describe the crown and roots of the Max, third molar
- three roots often fused
- 3 cusps; if four, distolingual = smallest
- distobuccal cusp usually shortest
- irregular crown outline
If there is a 5th cusp on mandibular molars, where are they placed
Distally
What is the cusp of carabelli
Extra cusp on the palatal surface of the palatal cusp, it can be absent but can be large
What is a taurodont tooth
A tooth with an enlarged pulp chamber
How does the FDI digit system work
upper right (1) upper left (2) lower left (3) lower right (4)
On a tooth chart which sides are the lingual/palatal sides
Lingual/palatal will be the sides on at the top of the lower teeth and the bottom of the upper teeth
How can you distinguish between Upper D’s and upper premolars
Upper D’s = triangular
Upper premolars = oval
How can you distinguish between Lower D’s and lower premolars
Lower D’s = rectangular
Lower premolars = round
Which cusp is pronounced on the upper and lower D’s
Mesio-buccal cusps
What shaper the lower premolars
Circular
Describe the root and crown of the deciduous lower D’s, include shape of crown, number of cusps and roots etc
Rectangular
Mesial height greater than distal
Two flattened divergent roots
4 cusps
Describe the root and crown of the deciduous lower E’s, include shape of crown, number of cusps and roots etc
Rectangular
3 buccal, 2 lingual cusps
Distobuccal = smallest cusp
2 divergent flattened roots, one mesial, one distal
Mesial part of the crown is longer than the distal
Describe the crown and root of the upper D, include shape of crown, number of cusps and roots etc
Quadrilateral cross section with long buccal edge Pronounced tubercle on buccal surface Mesial height greater than distal 3 divergent roots 4 cusps, buccal-medial = largest
Describe the crown and root of the upper E, include shape of crown, number of cusps and roots etc
Square
4 cusps, mesiolingual = largest
oblique ridge
3 divergent roots
Whats the difference between permanent and deciduous canines
Permanent = larger, wider and yellower than deciduous
