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Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) > Oral Landmarks for Local Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Oral Landmarks for Local Anaesthesia Flashcards

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1
Q

What different types of anaesthesia are used in extractions and restorations/periodontal treatment

A
  • Extractions - All nerves supplying the area need to be anaesthetised. Main supply plus all accessory nerves
  • Restoration/periodontal treatment - usually sufficient to block main nerve supply.
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2
Q

What cranial nerve needs to be anaesthetised for dental treatment

A

Trigeminal - Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Mandibular branches

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3
Q

What are the three different parts of the trigeminal nucleus and what branch does each give rise to

A

Mesencephalic - Mandibular
Principal - ophthalmic
Spinal - Maxillary

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4
Q

Where do the branches of the trigeminal nerve go through (might be the termination points but i doubt it)

A

Ophthalmic - Superior Orbital Fissure
Maxillary - Foramen Rotundum
Mandibular - Foramen Ovale

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5
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal

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6
Q

What are the features of infiltration anaesthesia and where is it used

A
  • Act locally to provide good LA
  • Effective on local soft tissues
  • Act on teeth where bone is reasonably thin
  • Used for maxillary teeth
  • Mandibular anterior teeth
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7
Q

Where is the nasopalatine nerve branch of the maxillary branch found

A

At the front of the hard palate, includes the rugae and dat.

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8
Q

Where is the greater palatine nerve branch of the maxillary branch found

A

On the left and right of the hard palate (and a bit of the soft palate).

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9
Q

What nerve branches innervate the maxillary teeth

A

Ant. Sup. alveolar n. = 1, 2 and 3
Mid. Sup. alveolar n. = 4 and5
Post. Sup. alveolar n. = 6, 7 and 8

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10
Q

Where are the pterygoid plexus of veins in danger when using anaesthesia

A

Posteriorly to upper second molars, danger to the pterygoid plexus of veins buccally.

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11
Q

How would you apply topical anaesthesia

A
  • Dispense a pea sized amount of topical anaesthetic - Use a cotton pledget or cotton roll to pick up topical
  • Clean and dry the mucosa before applying the topical
  • Retract the lip and apply the gel to the injection site.
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12
Q

What do you do before put the needle in

A 
• Retract
• Pull mucosa
taut
• Patient mouth
partially open
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13
Q

Whats the difference between an infiltration and regional block

A 
Infiltration = one branch of nerve
Regional = main source of nerve branches, so all branches are blocked
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14
Q

What are some of the branches of the mandibular branch

A

Lingual
Buccal
Auriculotemporal
Inferior alveolar

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15
Q

On the ramus of the mandible what nerve runs inferiorly to the inferior alveolar nerve

A

the lingual nerve

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16
Q

What is the pterygomandibular raphe

A

The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached superiorly to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.

17
Q

In an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) what nerves are affected

A

Nerves affected: Inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve

18
Q

What is the injection site of an IANB

A

Mandibular foramen (difficult to locate)

19
Q

What tissues are anaesthetised in an IANB

A

all mandibular teeth (pulps and periodontal ligaments); skin of chin, labial mucosa, lower lip

20
Q

What is a hazard of an IANB

A

Hazards: parotid gland (anesthetizes facial nerve)

21
Q

What is lateral, medial and inferior, superior and anterior to the pterygomandibular space

A

Lateral = ramus
Medial + Inferior = medial pterygoid muscle
Superior - lateral pterygoid
Anterior - buccinator

22
Q

What can happen if you inject the LA into the parotid gland instead of an IANB

A
  • Facial nerve (traverses the parotid gland)
  • Hemifacial paresis (facial nerve palsy)
  • Unable to close their eyelids on affected side
  • Paralysis will resolve as the effect of the anaesthetic wears off.
  • The eye must be protected until motor function is restored.
23
Q

What can be done to reduce the chances of the LA entering the parotid gland

A

Ensuring the needle has contacted bone prior to administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block should reduce the chances of entering the parotid gland.

24
Q

What is the injection site for a buccal nerve block

A

The retromolar fossa

25
Q

What tissues are anaesthetised in a buccal nerve block

A

Skin and mucous membrane of cheek, buccal alveolar mucosa and gingivae of molars (on side of injection).

26
Q

What nerves are blocked in a mental block

A

Nerves Affected:

Mental n. and anterior part of inf. alveolar n.

27
Q

What is the injection site for a mental nerve block

A

Mental foramen

28
Q

What tissues are anaesthetised in a mental nerve block

A

mandibular incisors and canine (pulps, perio. lig. and bone), labial gingiva, skin of chin.

29
Q

What is the injection site of the lingual nerve block

A

Anterior and deep into inferior alveolar site

30
Q

What tissues are anaesthetised in a lingual nerve block

A

Mucosa of ant. 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth, lingual alveolar mucosa and lingual gingiva all teeth (on side of injection).

31
Q

What hazards are there with lingual nerve blocks

A

Parotid gland shit like the IANB

32
Q

What is the injection site for a greater palatine nerve block

A

Greater palatine foramen, can be palpated

33
Q

What tissues are anaesthetised in a greater palatine nerve block

A

All hard palatal mucosa and gingiva posterior to maxillary canines on side of injection

34
Q

What hazards are there in a greater palatine nerve block

A

Puncture of the greater palatine artery or vein

35
Q

What are the potential complications of LA

A 
Pain/swelling
Spread of acute infection
Bleeding
Allergy
Trauma to anaesthetised tissues
Facial nerve palsy

Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) (15 decks)

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