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Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) > Proteins of Biomineralisation > Flashcards

Proteins of Biomineralisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Give examples of bio minerals

A
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Calcium Phosphate
  • Silica
  • Iron Oxides
  • Metal sulphides
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2
Q

What controls the inorganic crystal growth in biomineral structures

A

Organic molecules like proteins

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3
Q

When are ameloblasts no longer present in the tooth

A

After the tooth erupts

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4
Q

When are odontoblasts no longer present in the tooth

A

HAHAHAHAH slag they’re still alive in a completely developed tooth

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5
Q

What crystals are present in enamel and how are they arranged

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals in prisms, rows of enamel prisms are often organised perpendicular to each other.

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6
Q

What are the stages of amelogenesis

A

Pre-Secretory
Secretory
Transition
Maturation

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7
Q

What happens in the pre-secretory stage of amelogenesis

A
  • IEE cells develop and elongate into pre-ameloblasts

- Ameloblasts develop a Tomes’ process

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8
Q

Roughly how mineralised is the enamel in the secretory stage

A

30% wish

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9
Q

How many proteins are left in the enamel after maturation

A

Pretty much none

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10
Q

What is different in enamel matrix compared to any other mesenchymal mineralised tissue

A

It doesn’t contain any collagen

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11
Q

What is the main component of the developing enamel ECM

A

90% amelogenin

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12
Q

What genes is the amelogenin gene found

A

X and Y

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13
Q

What does an Amelogenin protein bind to in the enamel tissue

A

Onto hydroxtapatite crystals

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14
Q

What does an Amelogenin protein bind to in the enamel tissue

A

Onto hydroxyapatite crystals

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15
Q

What post-translational modifications happen to amelogenin

A

No Glycosylation

Some phosphorylation: series to phosphoserines

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16
Q

What allows growth of enamel crystals to only happen on the c-axis during the secretory phase

A

Amelogenins bind to proton-enamel crystals on the a and b faces of the crystals. This prevents growth in these faces and only allows growth on the c axis

17
Q

When can growth occur on the a and b faces of enamel crystals

A

During maturation when amelogenin proteins are lost

18
Q

What AAs are there a lot on in amelogenin

A

Proline and Glutamic Acid

19
Q

What are the beta-sheets in amelogenin thought to be used for

A

Ca2+ channels

20
Q

Name some other proteins found in the enamel matrix

A
  • Enamelin - 5-10% of matrix
  • Tuftelin - Located mainly at DEJ, secreted before amelogenin
  • enzymes
  • serum albumins - do not bind to crystals
  • proline rich proteins
21
Q

What can happen to enamel in amelogenesis imperfecta, just name the hypo-things like you know ffs idk

A

Hypoplastic
Hypocalcified
Hypomaturated
(Its X-linked)

22
Q

What is different in the enamel matrix of normal enamel and AI enamel

A

More proteins in AI enamel that normal, so less mineralisation

23
Q

Describe the structure of Type 1 collagen

A
  • High proline triple helix
  • Proline ring sticks outwards
  • Glycine every 3rd residue
  • Stabilised by interchain hydrogen bonds
24
Q

Theres quite a lot of collagen in dentine, how can this be related to mineralisation

A

HAP crystals form in the gaps within collagen fibres between the triple helices of collagen

25
Q

Name some dentin specific non-collagenous proteins

A

Phosphophoryns
Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP)
AG1

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • blue sclerae
  • increased incidence of bone fractures
  • abnormally soft dentin, undergoes rapid and severe functional attrition
  • obliterated pulpal chamber
  • Enamel is normal but fractures/chips easily
  • Dentin tubules are disoriented, irregular and widely spaced
27
Q

What is primary dentin and name some features

A

Outlines pulp chamber and makes the main part of the dentin mass. Mantle dentin is the outer layer of the primary dentin, slightly less mineralised. Circumpulpal dentin is also primary dentin but is the inner layer.

28
Q

When does primary odontogenesis stop and secondary begin

A

Primary - until tooth becomes functional or until root apex is closed
Secondary - after primary, continues at slower rate

29
Q

Difference between primary and secondary dentin

A

Secondary = more irregular in structure and sometimes less mineralised than primary dentin

30
Q

What is the intertubular dentin

A

Intertubular dentin is formed by odontoblasts through predentin mineralisation - dense collagen matrix

31
Q

What is the peritubular dentin

A

Formed in peripheral parts of the mineralised dentin inside the walls of dentin tubules.

Oral Biology (Oral Cavity) (15 decks)

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