Tools To Troubleshoot And Maintain OS (Chapter 3)

Question 1

Program installation

Answer 1

OS
- programs are OS dependent
System Requirements
- system meets the programs resources requirements
Program File directory
- data files installed to Home or All User directory
System Bit type
- 32-bit systems can only run 32-bit apps
- 64-bit system can run both 32-bit & 64-bit apps

Question 2

External Hardware Token

Answer 2

An external hardware (USB, Smart Card) that stores some cryptographic user ID data
- 2FA

Question 3

Programs and Features

Answer 3

• Repair, change or uninstall programs
• Enable or Disables optional windows features

Question 4

Services

Answer 4

A non-interactive apps that can run in the background that provides windows with functions
-Found under Computer Management
- services.msc

Question 5

Services Start up types

Answer 5

Automatic
- starts up when windows loads
Automatic Delay
- starts after all automatic starts have loaded
Manual
- service starts up when program opens
Disables
- prevent service from running

Question 6

Service Recovery

Answer 6

Actions the service takes when failure occurs
- Restart service
- Run Program
- Restart Computer
- take no action

Question 7

Services dependency

Answer 7

A list of service that is dependent on the main service

Question 8

Task Manager

Answer 8

Program that allows for the monitoring of system resources in realtime
- End unresponsive applications
- Monitor system resources
- details allow to specify resources priority for apps

Question 9

Command prompt Task Manager

Answer 9

tasklist
- list all running apps
task list /sv
- shows services
taskkill
- ends process
taskkill /pid
- kills a program by it’s process id

Question 10

Windows performance

Answer 10

System
- shows a brief overview of hardware that is installed on the system
Advanced System
- allows you to change/modify performance, computer name, user profile and start up & recovery options
Performance
- pagefile space
- processor scheduling
- windows visual effects
Computer name
- allows PC to join a domain

Question 11

Resources Monitor

Answer 11

Shows detailed version for resources utilisation

Question 12

Reliability Monitor

Answer 12

Shows a log of system stability events of applications
Control panel\ security & Maintenance\ reliability history

Question 13

Performance Monitoring

Answer 13

Configured detailed reports on different system statistics (objects) and log performance over time
- use the ‘+’ to add objects and instances of an object

Question 14

Object

Answer 14

A data structure in windows that represents system resources
- CPU, Physical disks, Memory, Pagefile

Question 15

Counter for objects

Answer 15

Are built in components of a system resources
- cache

Question 16

Data Collector Sets

Answer 16

Windows log files that records information for viewing in real time or later
- allows the creation of a baseline

Question 17

Counter logs

Answer 17

Windows log files that allows you to collect statistics about resources and can be used to determine system health & performance

Question 18

Trace logs

Answer 18

Windows log files that allows you to collect statistics about services, including extensions to Event Viewer to log data that would be inaccessible

Question 19

ODBC

Answer 19

Open Database Connectivity
A translation tool for databases that translates easy to use & understand tools like access into a hardware efficient language like SQL

Question 20

Task scheduler

Answer 20

Microsoft utility that allows a user to run programs/batch file on scheduled intervals

Question 21

Event viewer

Answer 21

A database of logs containing detailed information regards issues
- eventvwr.msc
Application
- logs of any errors caused by an program
Security
- logs of any security concerns
System
- logs of any hardware componet issues

Question 22

System Configuration Utility

Answer 22

Used to modify and effect how the system boots and loads windows
General
- overall setting
Boot
- shows bootable OS
- OS boot options
Services
- enable/disable services on boot
Tools
-

Question 23

Boot process

Answer 23

Firmware-controlled
- POST
Boot Manager
- boots OS
Windows Load
- loads kernel & drivers
- Starts services and winlogon

Question 24

Time Drift

Answer 24

An issue with the system time which can cause synchronization, service and event issues.

Question 25

Windows Resources Protection à

Answer 25

Windows feature that prevents essentialsystem files, folder & registry keys from being replaced/deleted, prevents program/OS failure

** sfc /scannnow **
- system file checker command that checks that all windows system files are present and not corrupted
sfc /scanonce
** sfc /scanboot**
- checks BCD files

Question 26

Windows Memory Diagnostic

Answer 26

Utility to check the health of the installed RAM, can only be run when system is restarted.

Question 27

Safe mode

Answer 27

Only loads the basic drivers and services needed to start the OS
- accessible via windows recovery - advanced options
- able to add in drivers and services one at a time to troubleshoot issue
- default resolution SVGA (800x600)

Question 28

Ntbtlog.txt

Answer 28

Stores logs of events that occur during boot
C:\windows\Ntbtlog.txt

Question 29

Safe boot tools

Answer 29

F1 - debugging
F2 - Enable boot logging
F3 - enable low resolution
F4 - enable safe mode
F5 - enable safe mode with networking
F6 - enable safe mode with Command prompt
F7 - disable driver signature enforcement
F8 - disable early launch anti-maleware driver
F9 - disable automatic restart
F10 - return to startup setting

Question 30

System Repair Disc

Answer 30

Used to launch windows recovery environment via a CD-ROM. Can bring system to when the repair disc was created

Question 31

System Recovery Drive

Answer 31

A bootable USB drive that can access windows repair tool and brings the system to factory default.

System can contain OEM partition on a drive that has driver specifics for the system. Backup OEM to recovery drive

Question 32

Startup Repair

Answer 32

A built in diagnostic and repair tool, used to fix windows system files without changing user data/settings

Question 33

System Restore

Answer 33

Allows for multiple restore points to be maintained and roll back from changes to the whole registry and reverse program/driver installation and updates.
- system properties \system protection

Question 34

System Image

Answer 34

A duplicate of the OS including all installed software, settings & user data
- control panel \backup and restore