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CompTIA A+ Software > Operating System Management (Chapter 1) > Flashcards

Operating System Management (Chapter 1) Flashcards

1
Q

NOS

A

Network Operating System
- OS designed to run servers on business networks

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2
Q

What is an OS

A

It provides a user interface between the user and the hardware/application.
- handles basic system functions
- consists of kernel (core files for hardware & programs)and shell (command line interface/GUI)

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3
Q

Business Client

A

OS design to work as a client to the Windows Sever product on a business networks

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4
Q

Home client

A

OS designed to work on standalone or workgroup PCs in a small office environments

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5
Q

Cellphone/tablet client

A

OS designed to work on handheld devices

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6
Q

Compatibility Issues

A
  • Application are not always compatible with different OS
  • OS updates might effect compatibility issues with drivers and apps
  • different OS might communicate differently over a network
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7
Q

Shell

A

Is a command/GUI based interface that allows the user to interact with the OS. Acts as an intermediary between the user and the kernel, interpretation instructions from the user and translating them into instructions the kernel can execute

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8
Q

Kernel

A

The core components of an operating system that manages the system resources (hardware) and provides services to other programs running on the system. Acts as a bridge between the user and the systems resources.

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9
Q

OS licensing

A

OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer ( Only valid on device it was bought on)
Retail Licence - transferable between devices

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10
Q

Window Work and Education Features

A
  • Allows you to join a windows domain.
    (Client can access NOS)
  • BitLocker (disk encryption)
  • AppLocker (lock apps from certain users)
  • Remote Desktop Sever
  • Group Policy Editor
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11
Q

32-bit Vs 64-bit

A
  • Drivers must be of the same bit as the OS
  • 64-bit system can run both 32-bit & 64-bit apps
  • 32-bit system can only run 32-bit apps
    64-bit shared system files
  • %SystemRoot%\system32
    32-bit shared system files
  • %SystemRoot%\syswow64
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12
Q

Windows Home Limite

A
  • doesn’t support multiple CPU
  • does not support windows Domain, BitLocker or Remote Desktop
  • 64-bit restricted to 128GB Ram
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13
Q

Window Pro/ Education Limits

A

Pro/Education:
- 2CPUs upto 128cores
- 2TB Ram

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14
Q

Window Pro Workstation limits

A

Pro Workstation:
- 4 CPUs
- 6TB Memory
- ReFS (resilient file system)

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15
Q

Windows Enterprise Limits

A

Windows Enterprise:
- 4 CPUs
- 6TB Memory
- ReFS (resilient file system)
- UX control ( user experience control)

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16
Q

Window update path

A

Feature update
- identified by name & number
- number corresponds to release date
1607 - July (07) 2016 (16)

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17
Q

Window N editions

A

Are editions of main windows edition that do not have multimedia apps installed, this disabling the network ports that would’ve used them, making the system more secured

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18
Q

Window Files System

A

NTFS (New Technology File System)
- Reliable and security features
- Required file system for windows boot volume
FAT32 ( File Allocation Table 32)
- legacy file system
- used for compatibility between OS
exFAT ( Extensible File Allocation Table)
- updated version of FAT32 with support for larger drives & file size (+4GB)

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19
Q

NTFS features

A

Journaling
- when data is written to a drive it is re-read, verified and logged
Dynamic Disk
- disk management features allows space on multiple drives to be combined into volume (RAID)
Snapshots
- allows the shadow copy service to make read only copies of files at any point in time (even if locked)
Security
- permission & ownership
- file access audit trails
- encrypting file system (EFS)
POSIX compliance
- support UNIX/Linux compatibility

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20
Q

ReFS features

A

Resilient File System
- only available on Pro Workstation & Enterprise
- can’t be used as a boot drive

Advantages
- automatic integrity & data scrubbing
- protection against data degradation
- built in hard drive failure & redundancy
- RAID integration
- larger drive space

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21
Q

ReFS features

A

Resilient File System
- only available on Pro Workstation & Enterprise
- can’t be used as a boot drive

Advantages
- automatic integrity & data scrubbing
- protection against data degradation
- built in hard drive failure & redundancy
- RAID integration
- larger drive space

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22
Q

Apple OS

A

macOS is built in top of the UNIX based kernel

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23
Q

Spotlight

A

macOS search feature for files, apps, images, ect

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24
Q

Finder

A

macOS file manger, similar to windows explorer

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25
Remote Disk
Ability to share the optical drive of one Mac to another, designed to share data and files, not for media streaming
26
Mission Control and Spaces
macOS ability to create multiple desktop
27
Keychain
Is a built in macOS password management program
28
System preferences
macOS version of windows control panel that allows the user to modify various system settings
29
Terminal
macOS command line access to the OS, Command prompt for windows
30
Image Recovery
macOs ability to build a disk image of the system and is stored on a .dmg file
31
Force Quite
macOS ability to force a program to working, similar to windows task manager
32
Boot Camp
Dual-boot into windows on a Mac hardware. Installs windows OS and drivers on a Boot Camp partition
33
Time Machine backups
macOS backup software
34
Disk Utility
macOS disk and images management, Similar to windows disk management
35
Chrome OS
- Based on Linux OS - Made by google - designed to perform all tasks via internet - stores data on cloud - software installed via googles web apps - works on laptop designed for this system: Chromebook
36
Ext4
- Linux file system - Journaling - 48-bit addressing
37
APFS
Apple file System - journaling - encryption - 64-bit addressing
38
UNIX based OS
A family of OS running mission critical applications and infrastructure - portable to different hardware - interchangeable shell that runs on the kernel
39
UNIX /Linux
System updates - command line tools - apt-get Driver/firmware updates - drivers are stored in kernel - drivers update when kernel updates Commands are similar for UNIX, Linux and MacOS
40
Network compatibility
- Devices using different OS cannot connect and exchange data directly - OS must support common network protocol (TCP/IP)
41
Linux-Based OS
Linux OS is a fully open source OS kernel, derived from UNIX - different distribution of Linux (android)
42
Android OS
Open source OS derived from Linux - developed for mobile phones and smart watches
43
Distribution (distros)
A complete OS based on Linux, supporting kernel, shell, application and utilities that is packaged and supported by a software vendor. Eg, Android, Red Hat, Ubuntu, ect
44
Linux User Accounts
**Root user/ Super user** - a user that has full access right to all files and resources on the system and is the default administrator **Primary Groups** - group of users that have certain access rights **Effective Group ID** - the group ID the kernel use to determine the groups access right
45
Linux Commands: Wildcard
A special character used that is used to substitute a character in a string
46
Linux Commands: Options (switch)
Modifier used with Linux Commands to make the command more versatile
47
Linux Commands: Arguments
Values supplied to the command to operate on
48
Linux Commands: Pipe
A vertical bar (|) used to redirect the output of one command into the input of another command
49
Linux Commands: Auto Completion
A Linux feature that allows for auto completion of commands and file names by pressing **tab**
50
Linux User Account Command
Su: become super user Sudo: execute a command as a super user Passwd: change a users account password
51
Linux System Commands
- Ps: View current processes - Kill: Stops the CMD - Ifconfig: View or configure network interface - Iwconfig: View or change wireless network configuration - Shutdown: turns off the system
52
Commands to navigate Linux directory
- **ls**: list files - **PWD**: Print working directory - **cd**: change directory - **cp**: Copy files - **mv**: move files - ** rm**: remove files - **grep**: filter files
53
Window setting & Control Panel
Two main interface used to configure the OS. All Windows configuration data is ultimately held in a database called the **Registry**
54
User Account
A logon ID used to access a Windows computer - Protection through Authentication - Profile each contain separate settings and default documents folder - Admin and standard user accounts - Local & Microsoft accounts
55
UAC
User Account Control - changes Security shield intensity ( how often admin confirmation is required)
56
Administrative Tools
57
System Management Consoles
Search terms used to quickly access system management programs - Devmgmt.msc - Device manager - Diskmgmt.msc - Disk management - Compmgmt.msc - Computer management
58
Windows Registry
A live database that stores configuration information for hardware, OS, drivers and apps on the system - search **regedit** to open registry
59
Window Registry Export
The means of backing up windows registry - File -> export Backup will be found: C: window/sys32/Config/regback **Registry should always be backed up before making changes**
60
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
- Most important key - contains all **hardware, software and security data** The hierarchy folder that consists of: - SAM Hive - SECURITY Hive - SOFTWARE Hive - SYSTEM Hive
61
Window Registry Hives (HKLM)
SAM Hive SECURITY Hive SOFTWARE Hive SYSTEM Hive DEFAULT hive
62
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG (HKCC)
- Consists of SOFTWARE & SYSTEM Hivee - contains information that identifies each **hardware device installed on system**
63
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR)
- consist of SOFTWARE Hive - stores info which determines which application to open when a user double clicks a file - uses file extension on the file to determine application to open - data HKCR is gathered from HKLM & HKCC
64
HKEY_USERS (HKU)
- Consists of DEFAULT Hive - contains data of all users
65
HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU)
- kept in DEFAULT Hive - consist of data for the current user and loaded only when the user signs in
66
NTUSER.DAT
- Holds all info for the users profile - only loaded when user logs in - stored under the user folder
67
Roaming profile
Is a user Account that is stored on a server that can be accessed via any computer on the network. - NTUSER.DAT is stored on the server
68
System Hierarchy
Root Directory - the highest file directory of an OS
69
System files
The necessary files required for an OS to function properly
70
Attributes
A characteristics that can be associated with a file/folder that OS uses to determine how the user intends to use the file/folder - Read-Only (R) - Hidden (H) - System (S) - Archive (A)
71
Premission
Allows groups of users to view, create modify and delete files or folder
72
Command Wildcards
* - match any number of characters ? - matches a single character [] - matches only what's inside the brackets ! - exclude characters inside brackets
73
EFI System Partition
Partition on a boot drive that the UEFI uses to load files from to start the OS
74
Recovery Partition
Stores backup of windows files
75
MBR partition
Master Boot Records - can consist of **4** partitions
76
GPT
Global Partitioning Table - Requires 64-bit Windows on UEFI - 128 partitions
77
Disk Management Command Prompt commands
- diskpart - displays disk info - select disk - detail disk - select partition - detail partition - exit - format - /FS -- file system - /v -- label for volume - /q -- quick format - /a -- size to allocate - /x -- force volume to dismount - /c -- enable file compression for NFTS
78
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
The ability for devices/services to be auto configured with windows systems. - detects new device hardware, finds drivers and installs and configure devices
79
Device Driver
A piece of software that tells the operating system and other software how to communicate with a piece of hardware
80
Device Manager
An administrative tool used for configuring & troubleshooting all hardware components of the system - troubleshooting - Updates - Device properties - Verification of installation - Uninstall devices
81
System information
Is a detailed information of hardware components on the system
82
Window Directory
C:/Windows
83
System Directory
C:/Windows/system32

CompTIA A+ Software (9 decks)

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