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CompTIA A+ Software > Operating System Management (Chapter 1) > Flashcards

Operating System Management (Chapter 1) Flashcards

1
Q

NOS

A

Network Operating System
- OS designed to run servers on business networks

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2
Q

What is an OS

A

It provides a user interface between the user and the hardware/application.
- handles basic system functions
- consists of kernel (core files for hardware & programs)and shell (command line interface/GUI)

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3
Q

Business Client

A

OS design to work as a client to the Windows Sever product on a business networks

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4
Q

Home client

A

OS designed to work on standalone or workgroup PCs in a small office environments

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5
Q

Cellphone/tablet client

A

OS designed to work on handheld devices

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6
Q

Compatibility Issues

A
  • Application are not always compatible with different OS
  • OS updates might effect compatibility issues with drivers and apps
  • different OS might communicate differently over a network
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7
Q

Shell

A

Is a command/GUI based interface that allows the user to interact with the OS. Acts as an intermediary between the user and the kernel, interpretation instructions from the user and translating them into instructions the kernel can execute

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8
Q

Kernel

A

The core components of an operating system that manages the system resources (hardware) and provides services to other programs running on the system. Acts as a bridge between the user and the systems resources.

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9
Q

OS licensing

A

OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer ( Only valid on device it was bought on)
Retail Licence - transferable between devices

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10
Q

Window Work and Education Features

A
  • Allows you to join a windows domain.
    (Client can access NOS)
  • BitLocker (disk encryption)
  • AppLocker (lock apps from certain users)
  • Remote Desktop Sever
  • Group Policy Editor
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11
Q

32-bit Vs 64-bit

A
  • Drivers must be of the same bit as the OS
  • 64-bit system can run both 32-bit & 64-bit apps
  • 32-bit system can only run 32-bit apps
    64-bit shared system files
  • %SystemRoot%\system32
    32-bit shared system files
  • %SystemRoot%\syswow64
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12
Q

Windows Home Limite

A
  • doesn’t support multiple CPU
  • does not support windows Domain, BitLocker or Remote Desktop
  • 64-bit restricted to 128GB Ram
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13
Q

Window Pro/ Education Limits

A

Pro/Education:
- 2CPUs upto 128cores
- 2TB Ram

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14
Q

Window Pro Workstation limits

A

Pro Workstation:
- 4 CPUs
- 6TB Memory
- ReFS (resilient file system)

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15
Q

Windows Enterprise Limits

A

Windows Enterprise:
- 4 CPUs
- 6TB Memory
- ReFS (resilient file system)
- UX control ( user experience control)

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16
Q

Window update path

A

Feature update
- identified by name & number
- number corresponds to release date
1607 - July (07) 2016 (16)

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17
Q

Window N editions

A

Are editions of main windows edition that do not have multimedia apps installed, this disabling the network ports that would’ve used them, making the system more secured

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18
Q

Window Files System

A

NTFS (New Technology File System)
- Reliable and security features
- Required file system for windows boot volume
FAT32 ( File Allocation Table 32)
- legacy file system
- used for compatibility between OS
exFAT ( Extensible File Allocation Table)
- updated version of FAT32 with support for larger drives & file size (+4GB)

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19
Q

NTFS features

A

Journaling
- when data is written to a drive it is re-read, verified and logged
Dynamic Disk
- disk management features allows space on multiple drives to be combined into volume (RAID)
Snapshots
- allows the shadow copy service to make read only copies of files at any point in time (even if locked)
Security
- permission & ownership
- file access audit trails
- encrypting file system (EFS)
POSIX compliance
- support UNIX/Linux compatibility

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20
Q

ReFS features

A

Resilient File System
- only available on Pro Workstation & Enterprise
- can’t be used as a boot drive

Advantages
- automatic integrity & data scrubbing
- protection against data degradation
- built in hard drive failure & redundancy
- RAID integration
- larger drive space

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21
Q

ReFS features

A

Resilient File System
- only available on Pro Workstation & Enterprise
- can’t be used as a boot drive

Advantages
- automatic integrity & data scrubbing
- protection against data degradation
- built in hard drive failure & redundancy
- RAID integration
- larger drive space

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22
Q

Apple OS

A

macOS is built in top of the UNIX based kernel

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23
Q

Spotlight

A

macOS search feature for files, apps, images, ect

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24
Q

Finder

A

macOS file manger, similar to windows explorer

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25
Q

Remote Disk

A

Ability to share the optical drive of one Mac to another, designed to share data and files, not for media streaming

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26
Q

Mission Control and Spaces

A

macOS ability to create multiple desktop

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27
Q

Keychain

A

Is a built in macOS password management program

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28
Q

System preferences

A

macOS version of windows control panel that allows the user to modify various system settings

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29
Q

Terminal

A

macOS command line access to the OS,
Command prompt for windows

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30
Q

Image Recovery

A

macOs ability to build a disk image of the system and is stored on a .dmg file

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31
Q

Force Quite

A

macOS ability to force a program to working, similar to windows task manager

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32
Q

Boot Camp

A

Dual-boot into windows on a Mac hardware.
Installs windows OS and drivers on a Boot Camp partition

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33
Q

Time Machine backups

A

macOS backup software

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34
Q

Disk Utility

A

macOS disk and images management,
Similar to windows disk management

35
Q

Chrome OS

A
  • Based on Linux OS
  • Made by google
  • designed to perform all tasks via internet
  • stores data on cloud
  • software installed via googles web apps
  • works on laptop designed for this system: Chromebook
36
Q

Ext4

A
  • Linux file system
  • Journaling
  • 48-bit addressing
37
Q

APFS

A

Apple file System
- journaling
- encryption
- 64-bit addressing

38
Q

UNIX based OS

A

A family of OS running mission critical applications and infrastructure
- portable to different hardware
- interchangeable shell that runs on the kernel

39
Q

UNIX /Linux

A

System updates
- command line tools
- apt-get
Driver/firmware updates
- drivers are stored in kernel
- drivers update when kernel updates

Commands are similar for UNIX, Linux and MacOS

40
Q

Network compatibility

A
  • Devices using different OS cannot connect and exchange data directly
  • OS must support common network protocol (TCP/IP)
41
Q

Linux-Based OS

A

Linux OS is a fully open source OS kernel, derived from UNIX
- different distribution of Linux (android)

42
Q

Android OS

A

Open source OS derived from Linux
- developed for mobile phones and smart watches

43
Q

Distribution (distros)

A

A complete OS based on Linux, supporting kernel, shell, application and utilities that is packaged and supported by a software vendor.
Eg, Android, Red Hat, Ubuntu, ect

44
Q

Linux User Accounts

A

Root user/ Super user
- a user that has full access right to all files and resources on the system and is the default administrator
Primary Groups
- group of users that have certain access rights
Effective Group ID
- the group ID the kernel use to determine the groups access right

45
Q

Linux Commands: Wildcard

A

A special character used that is used to substitute a character in a string

46
Q

Linux Commands: Options (switch)

A

Modifier used with Linux Commands to make the command more versatile

47
Q

Linux Commands: Arguments

A

Values supplied to the command to operate on

48
Q

Linux Commands: Pipe

A

A vertical bar (|) used to redirect the output of one command into the input of another command

49
Q

Linux Commands: Auto Completion

A

A Linux feature that allows for auto completion of commands and file names by pressing tab

50
Q

Linux User Account Command

A

Su: become super user
Sudo: execute a command as a super user
Passwd: change a users account password

51
Q

Linux System Commands

A
  • Ps: View current processes
  • Kill: Stops the CMD
  • Ifconfig: View or configure network interface
  • Iwconfig: View or change wireless network configuration
  • Shutdown: turns off the system
52
Q

Commands to navigate Linux directory

A
  • ls: list files
  • PWD: Print working directory
  • cd: change directory
  • cp: Copy files
  • mv: move files
  • ** rm**: remove files
  • grep: filter files
53
Q

Window setting & Control Panel

A

Two main interface used to configure the OS.
All Windows configuration data is ultimately held in a database called the Registry

54
Q

User Account

A

A logon ID used to access a Windows computer
- Protection through Authentication
- Profile each contain separate settings and default documents folder
- Admin and standard user accounts
- Local & Microsoft accounts

55
Q

UAC

A

User Account Control
- changes Security shield intensity ( how often admin confirmation is required)

56
Q

Administrative Tools

A
57
Q

System Management Consoles

A

Search terms used to quickly access system management programs
- Devmgmt.msc - Device manager
- Diskmgmt.msc - Disk management
- Compmgmt.msc - Computer management

58
Q

Windows Registry

A

A live database that stores configuration information for hardware, OS, drivers and apps on the system
- search regedit to open registry

59
Q

Window Registry Export

A

The means of backing up windows registry
- File -> export
Backup will be found:
C: window/sys32/Config/regback

Registry should always be backed up before making changes

60
Q

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

A
  • Most important key
  • contains all hardware, software and security data
    The hierarchy folder that consists of:
  • SAM Hive
  • SECURITY Hive
  • SOFTWARE Hive
  • SYSTEM Hive
61
Q

Window Registry Hives (HKLM)

A

SAM Hive
SECURITY Hive
SOFTWARE Hive
SYSTEM Hive
DEFAULT hive

62
Q

HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG (HKCC)

A
  • Consists of SOFTWARE & SYSTEM Hivee
  • contains information that identifies each hardware device installed on system
63
Q

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT (HKCR)

A
  • consist of SOFTWARE Hive
  • stores info which determines which application to open when a user double clicks a file
  • uses file extension on the file to determine application to open
  • data HKCR is gathered from HKLM & HKCC
64
Q

HKEY_USERS (HKU)

A
  • Consists of DEFAULT Hive
  • contains data of all users
65
Q

HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU)

A
  • kept in DEFAULT Hive
  • consist of data for the current user and loaded only when the user signs in
66
Q

NTUSER.DAT

A
  • Holds all info for the users profile
  • only loaded when user logs in
  • stored under the user folder
67
Q

Roaming profile

A

Is a user Account that is stored on a server that can be accessed via any computer on the network.
- NTUSER.DAT is stored on the server

68
Q

System Hierarchy

A

Root Directory
- the highest file directory of an OS

69
Q

System files

A

The necessary files required for an OS to function properly

70
Q

Attributes

A

A characteristics that can be associated with a file/folder that OS uses to determine how the user intends to use the file/folder
- Read-Only (R)
- Hidden (H)
- System (S)
- Archive (A)

71
Q

Premission

A

Allows groups of users to view, create modify and delete files or folder

72
Q

Command Wildcards

A
    • match any number of characters
      ? - matches a single character
      [] - matches only what’s inside the brackets
      ! - exclude characters inside brackets
73
Q

EFI System Partition

A

Partition on a boot drive that the UEFI uses to load files from to start the OS

74
Q

Recovery Partition

A

Stores backup of windows files

75
Q

MBR partition

A

Master Boot Records
- can consist of 4 partitions

76
Q

GPT

A

Global Partitioning Table
- Requires 64-bit Windows on UEFI
- 128 partitions

77
Q

Disk Management Command Prompt commands

A
  • diskpart - displays disk info
  • select disk
  • detail disk
  • select partition
  • detail partition
  • exit
  • format
  • /FS – file system
  • /v – label for volume
  • /q – quick format
  • /a – size to allocate
  • /x – force volume to dismount
  • /c – enable file compression for NFTS
78
Q

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

A

The ability for devices/services to be auto configured with windows systems.
- detects new device hardware, finds drivers and installs and configure devices

79
Q

Device Driver

A

A piece of software that tells the operating system and other software how to communicate with a piece of hardware

80
Q

Device Manager

A

An administrative tool used for configuring & troubleshooting all hardware components of the system
- troubleshooting
- Updates
- Device properties
- Verification of installation
- Uninstall devices

81
Q

System information

A

Is a detailed information of hardware components on the system

82
Q

Window Directory

A

C:/Windows

83
Q

System Directory

A

C:/Windows/system32

CompTIA A+ Software (9 decks)

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