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Microbiology > tools of the laboratory > Flashcards

tools of the laboratory Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is identification of microorganism?

A

to attach a name or identity to the microbe using information gathered from inspection and investigation.

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2
Q

incubation of microorganism

A

inoculated media are placed in a controlled environment incubator to promote health

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3
Q

inspection of microorganism

A

cultures are observed for the macroscopic appearance of growth and development

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4
Q

isolation of microorganisms

A

some inoculation techniques can separate microbes to create isolated colonies that each contain a single type of microbe

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5
Q

ability to enlarge objects

A

magnification

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6
Q

ability to show detail

A

resolving power

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7
Q

magnification in most microscopes results from an interaction between

A

visible light waves and the curvature of a lens

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8
Q

of the final image is a product of the separate magnifying powers if the two lenses

A

total magnification

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9
Q

what is the total magnification consist of

A

objective power x ocular power = total magnification

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10
Q

the capacity to distinguish or separate two adjacent objects and depends on

A

resolution

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11
Q

most widely used specimen is darker than surrounding field used for live and preserved stained specimens.

A

bright-field

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12
Q

brightly illuminated specimens surrounded by darker=field used for live unstained specimens

A

dark-field

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13
Q

transforms subtle changes in light waves passing through the specimens into differences in light intensity best for observing intracellular structures

A

phase-contrast

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14
Q

modified microscope with an ultraviolet radiation source and filter uses dyes that emit visible light when bombard with shorter UV rays useful for diagnosing infections

A

fluorescence microscope

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15
Q

uses a laser beam of light to scan the specimen integrates images to allow focus on multiple depths or planes

A

scanning confocal microscope

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16
Q

forms an image with a beam of electrons that can be made to travel in wavelike patterns when accelerated to high speeds electron waves are 100,000 times shorter than waves of visible light magnification between 5,000x and 1,000,000x used to see viruses

A

electron microscope

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17
Q

transmit electrons through the specimen

A

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

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18
Q

provide detailed three-dimensional view

A

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

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19
Q

what are dyes used for

A

to create contrast by imparting color

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20
Q

cationic positively changed chromophore

A

basic dyes

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21
Q

surfaces of microbes are negatively charged and attracted basic dyes

A

positive staining

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22
Q

one dye is used revels shape size and arrangement

A

simple stains

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23
Q

use a primary stain and a counterstain to distinguish cell types or parts

A

differential stains

24
Q

reveal certain cell parts not revealed by conventional methods capsule and flagellar stains

A

structural stains

25
Q

allow examination of characteristics of live cells size motility shape and arrangement

A

wet mounts and hanging drop mounts

26
Q

are made by drying and heating a film of specimen this smear is stained using dyes to permit visualization of cells or cell parts

A

fixed mounts

27
Q

anionic negatively charged chromophore

A

acidic dyes

28
Q

microbe repels dye the dye satins the background

A

negative staining

29
Q

in Gram stain Purple cells are

A

gram -positive

30
Q

in Gram stain Red cells are

A

gram- negative

31
Q

The 6 I’s of culturing microbes

A

inoculation
isolation
incubation
inspection
information gathering
identification

32
Q

introduction of a sample into s container of media to produce a culture of observable growth

A

inoculation

33
Q

separating one species from another

A

isolation

34
Q

under conditions that allow growth

A

incubation

35
Q

a consists of one species

A

colony

36
Q

this method works best if the spreading tool is resterilized after each of steps 1-3

A

streak plate techinque

37
Q

what do you check for in the inspection step

A

check for contaminates in the culture

38
Q

media can be classified according to three properties

A

physical state
chemical composition
functional type

39
Q

liquid semisolid and solid

A

physical state

40
Q

synthetic and complex

A

chemical composition

41
Q

general purpose enriched selective differential anaerobic transport assay enumeration

A

functional type

42
Q

what are the physical states of media

A

liquid
semisolid
solid

43
Q

does not solidify

A

liquid

44
Q

contains solidifying agent

A

semisolid

45
Q

firm surface for colony formation

A

solid

46
Q

what is the most commonly used solidifying agent

A

agar
it provides framework to hold moisture and nutrients

47
Q

contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula

A

synthetic

48
Q

contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable

A

complex or nonsynthetic

49
Q

grows a broad range of microbes usually non synthetic

A

general purpose media

50
Q

contains complex organic substances such as blood serum hemoglobin or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes

A

enriched media

51
Q

contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth if the desired microbes

A

selective media

52
Q

allows growth if several types if microbes and displays visible differences among those microbes

A

differential media

53
Q

liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone

A

nutrient broth

54
Q

solid media containing beef extract peptone and agar

A

nutrient agar

55
Q

contains sugars that can be fermented converted to acids and a pH indicator

A

carbohydrate fermentation medium

Microbiology (4 decks)

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