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AAClinical school conditions > Tools: ECG > Flashcards

Tools: ECG Flashcards

1
Q

ECG. What do leads I, II and VL ‘look at’?

A

The left lateral surface of the heart.

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2
Q

ECG. What do leads III and VF ‘look at’?

A

The inferior surface of the heart.

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3
Q

ECG. What does lead VR ‘look at’

A

The right atrium.

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4
Q

ECG. What do leads V1 an V2 look at?

A

The right ventricle

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5
Q

ECG. What do leads V3 and V4 look at?

A

The septum between the ventricles.

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6
Q

ECG. What do leads V5 and V6 look at?

A

Anterior and lateral walls of left ventricle.

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7
Q

Which lead do you look at to show rhythm.

A

The one that shows the P wave most clearly: lead II.

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8
Q

Compare VR and lead II

A

They are opposite; VR is mostly negative, lead II mostly upward.

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9
Q

What is indicative of right axis deviation?

A

Lead I with a negative QRS complex, leads II and III with it positive.

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10
Q

What is indicative of left axis deviation?

A

Positive but small lead I QRS. Negative leads II and III

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11
Q

If the RR interval in large squares is 1, what is the HR?

A

300

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12
Q

If the RR interval in large squares is 2, what is the HR?

A

150

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13
Q

If the RR interval in large squares is 3, what is the HR?

A

100

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14
Q

If the RR interval in large squares is 4, what is the HR?

A

75

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15
Q

If the RR interval in large squares is 5, what is the HR?

A

60

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16
Q

If the RR interval in large squares is 6, what is the HR?

A

50

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17
Q

How wide is a normal QRS

A

about 3 small squares

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18
Q

Name the limb leads clockwise from VR

A

VR, VL, I, II, VF, III

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19
Q

What are the chest leads?

A

V1 - V6

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20
Q

What is a normal cause of left axis deviation?

A

Conduction defect.

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21
Q

What is a normal cause of right axis deviation?

A

Increased muscle bulk on the right side.

22
Q

How to report an ECG

A 
Name and date
Rate and rhythm
Conduction defects
A description of QRS intervals
ST segments and T waves.
23
Q

When is the transition point in an ECG?

A

When the chest leads shift from being predominantly negative to predominantly positive e.g where R = S. It is normally at V3/V4

24
Q

How does the transition point move in RV enlargement?

A

It shifts to V4/V5/V6

25
Q

If there is a prolongued PR interval of greater than 5 small squares, what condition does this suggest, and what are the causes?

A

First degree heart block. Coronary artery disease, acute rheumatic carditis, digoxin toxicity and electrolyte disturbances.

26
Q

What is it called when there is a progressive lengthening of the PR interval?

A

Mobitz type 1, second degree heart block, usually benign.

27
Q

What is it called if most beats have a constant PR, but there is an extra p wave sometimes?

A

Mobitz type 2, which may herald third degree heart block.

28
Q

What does an ECG with ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF and also in C5 and C6 suggest?

A

An inferolateral infarction

29
Q

If there are ischaemic changes in leads I, aVL, and leads V2, V3 and V4, where is the ischaemia?

A

In the apex.

30
Q

If there are ischaemic changes in leads V2 and V3 only, where is the ischaemia?

A

Anteroseptal: LAD

31
Q

If there are ischaemic changes in leads I, aVL, and leads V5 and V6, where is the ischaemia?

A

anterolateral: left circumflex artery

32
Q

If there are ischaemic changes in leads III and aVF, and leads V5 and V6, where is the ischaemia?

A

Posterolateral

33
Q

If there are ischaemic changes in leads II, III and aVF, where is the ischaemia?

A

inferior - either right coronary artery or left circumflex (20%)

34
Q

If there are ischaemic changes in leads III and aVF, and possibly V2, where is the ischaemia?

A

Right ventricle

35
Q

Which are the lateral leads?

A

I, aVL, V5 and V6

36
Q

Which are the inferior leads?

A

II, III and aVF

37
Q

Which are the septal leads?

A

V1 and V2

38
Q

Which are the anterior leads?

A

V3 and V4

39
Q

Which artery is blocked in an anterior MI?

A

Left anterior descending.

40
Q

Which artery is blocked in an septal MI?

A

Left anterior descending

41
Q

Which artery is blocked in a lateral MI?

A

Left circumflex artery

42
Q

Which artery is blocked in an inferior MI?

A

Right coronary artery (80%) or left circumflex (20%)

43
Q

Which artery is blocked in an posterior MI?

A

RCA or LCX

44
Q

Which artery is blocked in an right ventricle MI?

A

RCA

45
Q

What does an ECG with ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF and also in C5 and C6, and ST depression in I and aVL?

A

A larger infero-lateral myocardial infarction.

46
Q

What does an ECG with ST elevation and evolving Q waves in leads V1-4 suggest?

A

Acute anterior myocardial infarction.

47
Q

What is the ECG change in a positive exercise stress test?

A

ST depression

48
Q

Signs of angina on an ECG.

A

Usually normal, can show ST depression, flat or inverted T waves, signs of past MI.

49
Q

ECG for Prinzmetal’s angina.

A

ST elevation during pain.

50
Q

Classic ECG for an MI

A

Hyperacute T waves, ST elevation or new LBBB within hours, then T wave inversion and pathological Q waves over hours to days.

51
Q

Saddle shaped ST segment signifies…

A

Pericarditis - although can also be normal ECG.

52
Q

Cause of widespread PR depression

A

Pericarditis - most specific ECG marker

AAClinical school conditions (32 decks)

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