Mostly ID Flashcards
What are the main aerobic gram positive bacilli?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis
Clubbing: respiratory causes.
Chronic cyanosis,
lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma and mesothelioma),
suppurative lung disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis, TB abscess),
fibrosing alveolitis.
Clubbing: GI causes
Inflammatory bowel e.g. Crohn’s.
Cirrhosis
Malabsorption e.g. coeliac disease
GI lymphoma.
Clubbing: cardiac causes.
Cyanotic congenital heart disease. Endocarditis Atrial myxoma (a rare cardiac tumour).
Clubbing: rare causes.
Familial
Thyroid acropachy
Unilateral clubbing causes.
Axillary artery aneurysm
brachial arterio-venous malformation.
What are the main gram positive anaerobic bacilli?
Clostridium species
What are the main intracellular bacteria?
Chlamydia, Coxiella, Legionella pneumophilia
What are the main gram -ive cocci?
Neisseria, Moraxella (pneumonia)
What are the the main anaerobic bacteria?
Bacteroides, Helicobacter pylori.
Which are the main dsDNA viruses?
Papovaviruses, adenoviruses, pox viruses, herpes viruses.
Which are the main ssDNA viruses?
Parvovirus
Which are the main dsRNA viruses?
Reoviruses inc. rotavirus
What are the main positive ssRNA viruses?
Picornaviruses (rhinoviruses, enteroviruses inc coxsackie, hep A, echo, enterovirus EV71 and poliovirus)
Coronavirus
Togavirus
What are the main negative ssRNA viruses?
Orthomyxo, paramyxo, arena, rhabdo and bunyavirus
Common use for amoxicillin
Recurrent or severe pneumonia
Common uses for ampicillin
Listeria. Also more active against gram -ive rods than amoxicillin.
Common uses for benzylpenicillin
Meningitis
Common uses for co-amoxiclav
Used for B-lactamase producers, but may contribute to C. diff infections.
Common uses for flucloxicillin
Staphylococci (B-lactamase producing)
Common uses for piperacillin
Very broad spectrum including anaerobes, Pseudomonas, staphs. Reserve for severe infections.
Uses for cephalosporins.
Parenteral pre and post surgery.
UTI, pneumonia and otitis media but NOT FIRST LINE
Uses of gentamicin and amikacin
For serious gram -ive infections. Amikacin has less resistance than gentamycin. Poor against streps and anaerobes, so combine with penicillin/metronidazole.
Clarithromycin and azithromycin uses.
They are macrolides used for S. aureus, strep, mycoplasma, H pylori and chlamydia.
When is ciprofloxacin used?
Adult cystic fibrosis, typhoid, salmonella, campylobacter, prostatitis and serious or resistant infections.
Treatment for septicaemia from urinary tract sepsis
Co-amoxiclav and gentamycin
Treatment for septicaemia from intra-abdominal sepsis
Ceftazidime (cefotaxime if meningococcal sepsis)
Treatment for septicaemia from skin or bone source
Flucloxacillin
Treatment for septicaemia from unknown cause
Co-amoxiclav, gentamicin and metronidazole.
Treatment for septicaemia from unknown cause with neutropenia
Tazocin with gentamicin
Treatment of mild community acquired pneumonia
Amoxicillin
Treatment of possible atypical pneumonia
Amoxicillin + erythromycin
Treatment of severe community acquired pneumonia
Co-amoxiclav and erythromycin
Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia
Ceftazidine or tazocin.
Treatment of meningococcal meningitis
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
Treatment of Listeria meningitis
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime WITH ampicillin AND gentamicin
Treatment of pneumococcal meningitis
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
Treatment of haemophilus meningitis
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
Treatment of osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from bone cause)
Treatment of simple UTI
Trimethoprim
Treatment of cellulitis
Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from skin cause)
Treatment of wound infection
Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from skin cause)
Group 1 extracellular bacteria
Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli.
Group 2 extracellular bacteria
Gram -ive bacilli
Group 3 extracellular bacteria
Non-sporing anaerobes
First line treatment for group 1 extracellular bacteria; Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli.
Benzylpenicillin
First line treatment for group 1 extracellular bacteria (Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli) if patient allergic to penicillins
Erythromycin.
Treatment for MRSA and MSSA
Vancomycin
Treatment for vancomycin resistant enterococci.
Linelozid and daptomycin
Which Gram -ive bacilli is amoxycillin also effective against (as well as group 1)
H. influenzae.
First line treatment of susceptible group 2 bacilli (Gram -ive)
Gentamycin, ciprofloxacin.
First line treatment of resistant group 2 bacilli; Pseudomonas
Aztreonam
First line treatment of resistant group 2 bacteria; ESBL
Fosfomycin
First line treatment of group 3 bacteria: non-sporing anaerobes like bacterioides
Metronidazole.
Broad spectrum antibiotic against both groups 1 and 2
Ceftazidine
Co-amoxiclav or augmentin.
Very broad ranging antibiotics
Tazocin and meropenem.
Group 5 bacteria (intracellular)
Chlamydia, mycoplasma, Rickettsia
Treatment for group 5 bacteria
Tetracycline, erythromycin
Group 4 bacteria (intracellular)
Mycobacteria
Treatment for mycobacteria
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol