Obs,gynae and breast

Question 1

If a breast lump appears rapidly overnight, what is it likely to be?

Answer 1

A cyst

Question 2

If a breast lump fluctuates with the menstrual cycle or has decreased in size since first noticed, what is it likely to be?

Answer 2

Benign conditions such as fibroadenosis and fibroadenomas may present with lumps that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle or have decreased in size since first noticed by the patient.

Question 3

If a breast lump is tender and painful, is it more likely to a malignant or a benign lesion?

Answer 3

A benign one.

Question 4

What are hormonal risk factors for breast cancer?

Answer 4

OCP/HRT use.
Early menarche, late menopause, or nulliparity.
First pregnancy before 20 years is protective.

Question 5

Common causes of a discrete palpable breast lump

Answer 5

cyst
fibroadenoma
focus of fibrocystic change
fat necrosis
carcinoma

Question 6

Fibroadenomas are common in which age range?

Answer 6

15-30 yr

Question 7

Breast cysts are common in which age range?

Answer 7

40 – 50 years in the run-up to menopause

Question 8

Breast cancers are common in which age range

Answer 8

The incidence of breast cancer increases exponentially from about the age of 35 years unless genetic predisposition.

Question 9

What investigations are used to diagnose breast cancer?

Answer 9

Triple assessment: clinical examination, mammography and biopsy.

Question 10

What is BCS in the context of breast cancer?

Answer 10

A type of surgery; the aim of BCS is to remove the tumour and some normal surrounding breast tissue with retention of most of the breast volume.

Question 11

Contraceptives: how long until effective?
IUD
progesterone only pill
Combined OC, injection, implant, IUS

Answer 11

IUD: immediately
POP: 2 days
Others: 7 days

Question 12

When are aromatase inhibitors used as adjuvant therapy to surgical removal of breast cancer?

Answer 12

In post-menopausal women.