Tonicity Flashcards
How is an IP formed?
(Pre-head) + (Head: Onset +…) + Nucleus + (Tail)
What is the Nucleus?
The Nucleus (or Tonic syllable) is the most prominent syllable in the IP.
What is the scope of focus?
Is every item of an IP from the Onset to the Nucleus. (He [‘left me `standing] there)
What is broad focus?
Broad focus is when all Lexical Items (LI’s) of the IP are in the scope of focus.
What is narrow focus?
Narrow focus is when there are un-accented Lexical Items. This is due to them being old information.
What is new information?
New information is any LI which can not be predicted by the listener.
What is old information?
Old information are LI’s that have been de-accented by the speaker because they can be predicted by the listener.
What is accent?
Accent is the combination of pitch (vibration of the vocal folds) and stress (breath effort).
What are the prosodic features?
① Pitch
② Stress
③ Duration
④ Formant frecuency
What is pitch?
The vibration of the vocal folds. Slow vibrations = low pitch
Fast vibrations = high pitch
What is stress?
Is a feature of a word (/’hel/) perceived as “loudness” by the hearer.
What is duration?
It is the length of a sound. This is the feature that differentiates a long vowel from a short vowel.
What is formant frecuency?
It is the sounds of Vowels and Consonants. Helps us differentiate between back, centre and front vowels.
What is Verbatim Old Information?
VOI is information that has been mentioned before in the exact same words.
What is Paraphrastic Old Information?
POI is information that has been mentioned before, but in other words. (Includes Hypernyms and Hyponyms)
