Toni - Week 11 - Final Flashcards
what is growth?
physical change - increase in size
what is development?
behavioral change - what we should see
what is cephalocaudal?
change occurs in a cephalocaudal pattern - head to toe - control of the head first then arms then legs
what is proximodistal?
near to far - center of body is where growth occurs first.
what is Erikson’s psychosocial stage from birth to year 1?
Trust vs Mistrust
T/F: Trust vs Mistrust is the most important period in life.
TRUE. entirely depends on caregivers. shapes personality
what is Piaget’s cognitive stage from birth to 2 years?
Sensorimotor • Reflex activity to imitative behaviors • Develop sense of cause & effect; anticipate events → initiate action • Curiosity, experimentation • Object permanence
what are the 4 infant fine motor skills?
strong grasp bats at objectsr pincher grasp feeds self ***encourage to let child do for themselves
what are two forms of infant play?
- unoccupied play
- solitary play
what are the four characteristics of infant social and emotional development??
social smile
stranger anxiety
separation anxiety
socially interactive (infants are hard wire to be social; mimic at 3 mo)
what are the 3 characteristics of infant motor vehicle safety?
• Rear-facing to age 2 unless > 40 lb or 40 in. • Hospitals required to inform: – Car seat law – Where to go to get low cost seats & help with installation • CHP responsibility: – Assist parents to properly install & secure infant
where do most infant related injuries occur??
in the home
what are the 7 infant related injuries?
- Crib
- Burns
- Sunlight
- Electrical sockets
- Stoves/fireplaces
- Water
- Choking
what are the AAP Safe to Sleep recommendations in relation to SIDS? (there are 9)
- Supine on firm mattress/fitted sheet
- No soft objects/bumper pads in crib
- Room sharing but not bed sharing
- Use pacifier when putting in bed
- No sleep positioners
- Breastfeed
- Prevent overheating
- Appropriate immunizations
- Parental ATOD avoidance
5 characteristics of infant discipline
- Respond to needs; cannot spoil by doing so
- No physical punishment
- Baby-proof home
- Consistent schedule
- Redirect attention
what is Erickson’s psychosocial development ages 1 - 3?
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
what is Piaget’s cognitive stage for ages 2 - 7?
Preoperational
• Egocentrism
• Symbolic thought
• Animism
Gross and fine motor skills for an 18 month old?
8 Climbs stairs with 2 feet on each step; Stacks 4 cubes
Gross and fine motor skills for a 24 month old?
Kicks a ball; Holds a crayon
Gross and fine motor skills for a 36 month old?
Runs easily; Copies a circle
what kind of play to toddlers participate in??
parallel play
what are 9 characteristics of TODDLER discipline?
- Firm, gentle guidance
- Set limits & provide consistency
- Avoid hunger & fatigue
- Offer realistic choices
- Do not force to share
- Positive reinforcement
- Time-out
- Extinction
- Do not use physical punishment
what are 6 things to be aware of in general toddler safety?
• Constant supervision • Cabinets • Electrical outlets • Toxic plants • Stairs • Handles on stove & table edges
what are 3 things to be aware of in toddler car safety?
- Appropriate restraints
- Inspect area around car
- Never leave unattended
what are 2 things to be aware of in toddler water safety?
- Never alone near water; close toilet lids
* Most drownings in bath/residential pool
what is Erickson’s psychosocial stage 3 yrs to 6 yrs?
Initiative (explore and try new roles) vs Guilt (if criticized)
what is Piaget’s cognitive stage for 2 to 7 yrs?
– Preoperational
• Magical thinking
• Imaginary friends
what are the gross and fine motor skills of a 4 year old?
• Hops on one foot • Alternates feet going upstairs • Uses scissors • Draws person with 2 to 4 body parts
what are the gross and fine motor skills of a 5 year old?
• Kick, throws, catches ball • Skips • Somersaults • Able to toilet self • Draws person with 6 body parts
what are the 3 different types of play for a preschooler?
dramatic play; cooperative play; fantasy play
