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Nursing Semester 2 > Toni - Week 11 - Final > Flashcards

Toni - Week 11 - Final Flashcards

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1
Q

what is growth?

A

physical change - increase in size

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2
Q

what is development?

A

behavioral change - what we should see

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3
Q

what is cephalocaudal?

A

change occurs in a cephalocaudal pattern - head to toe - control of the head first then arms then legs

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4
Q

what is proximodistal?

A

near to far - center of body is where growth occurs first.

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5
Q

what is Erikson’s psychosocial stage from birth to year 1?

A

Trust vs Mistrust

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6
Q

T/F: Trust vs Mistrust is the most important period in life.

A

TRUE. entirely depends on caregivers. shapes personality

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7
Q

what is Piaget’s cognitive stage from birth to 2 years?

A 
Sensorimotor 
• Reflex activity to imitative behaviors
• Develop sense of cause & effect; anticipate events → initiate action
• Curiosity, experimentation
• Object permanence
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8
Q

what are the 4 infant fine motor skills?

A 
strong grasp
bats at objectsr
pincher grasp 
feeds self 
***encourage to let child do for themselves
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9
Q

what are two forms of infant play?

A
  • unoccupied play

- solitary play

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10
Q

what are the four characteristics of infant social and emotional development??

A

social smile
stranger anxiety
separation anxiety
socially interactive (infants are hard wire to be social; mimic at 3 mo)

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11
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of infant motor vehicle safety?

A 
• Rear-facing to age 2 unless > 40 lb or 40 in.
• Hospitals required to inform:
– Car seat law
– Where to go to get low cost
seats & help with installation
• CHP responsibility:
– Assist parents to properly
install & secure infant
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12
Q

where do most infant related injuries occur??

A

in the home

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13
Q

what are the 7 infant related injuries?

A
  • Crib
  • Burns
  • Sunlight
  • Electrical sockets
  • Stoves/fireplaces
  • Water
  • Choking
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14
Q

what are the AAP Safe to Sleep recommendations in relation to SIDS? (there are 9)

A
  • Supine on firm mattress/fitted sheet
  • No soft objects/bumper pads in crib
  • Room sharing but not bed sharing
  • Use pacifier when putting in bed
  • No sleep positioners
  • Breastfeed
  • Prevent overheating
  • Appropriate immunizations
  • Parental ATOD avoidance
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15
Q

5 characteristics of infant discipline

A
  • Respond to needs; cannot spoil by doing so
  • No physical punishment
  • Baby-proof home
  • Consistent schedule
  • Redirect attention
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16
Q

what is Erickson’s psychosocial development ages 1 - 3?

A

Autonomy vs Shame and doubt

17
Q

what is Piaget’s cognitive stage for ages 2 - 7?

A

Preoperational
• Egocentrism
• Symbolic thought
• Animism

18
Q

Gross and fine motor skills for an 18 month old?

A

8 Climbs stairs with 2 feet on each step; Stacks 4 cubes

19
Q

Gross and fine motor skills for a 24 month old?

A

Kicks a ball; Holds a crayon

20
Q

Gross and fine motor skills for a 36 month old?

A

Runs easily; Copies a circle

21
Q

what kind of play to toddlers participate in??

A

parallel play

22
Q

what are 9 characteristics of TODDLER discipline?

A
  • Firm, gentle guidance
  • Set limits & provide consistency
  • Avoid hunger & fatigue
  • Offer realistic choices
  • Do not force to share
  • Positive reinforcement
  • Time-out
  • Extinction
  • Do not use physical punishment
23
Q

what are 6 things to be aware of in general toddler safety?

A 
• Constant supervision
• Cabinets
• Electrical outlets
• Toxic plants
• Stairs
• Handles on stove &
table edges
24
Q

what are 3 things to be aware of in toddler car safety?

A
  • Appropriate restraints
  • Inspect area around car
  • Never leave unattended
25
Q

what are 2 things to be aware of in toddler water safety?

A
  • Never alone near water; close toilet lids

* Most drownings in bath/residential pool

26
Q

what is Erickson’s psychosocial stage 3 yrs to 6 yrs?

A

Initiative (explore and try new roles) vs Guilt (if criticized)

27
Q

what is Piaget’s cognitive stage for 2 to 7 yrs?

A

– Preoperational
• Magical thinking
• Imaginary friends

28
Q

what are the gross and fine motor skills of a 4 year old?

A 
• Hops on one foot
• Alternates feet going
upstairs
• Uses scissors
• Draws person with  2
to 4 body parts
29
Q

what are the gross and fine motor skills of a 5 year old?

A 
• Kick, throws, catches ball
• Skips
• Somersaults
• Able to toilet self
• Draws person with 6
body parts
30
Q

what are the 3 different types of play for a preschooler?

A

dramatic play; cooperative play; fantasy play

Nursing Semester 2 (21 decks)

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