Monica - Week 3 - Exam 1 Flashcards
Stem cells from the bone marrow can differentiate further into which two categories of WBC?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
What WBC are considered granulocytes?
Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils
What WBCs are considered agranulocytes?
Monocytes and Lymphocytes
What type of cells are WBCs?
Disease fighting cells - protect from infections - bodies defense mechanism
What are the normal range for WBCs?
4,500 - 10,000 cell/mct
T/F: all WBC are the same
FALSE. Agranulocytes and Granulocytes
Characteristics of Granulocytes
contain granules within cytoplasm; multi-lobed nuclei - 2-5 segmented lobes connected by strands; appear in the initial stages of infection
What is the role of granulocytes?
To release their granules, which are anti microbial products, to help us kill off those pathogen
What is the most common type of granulocyte?
Neutrophils (50 - 70%), also known as “segs”; MATURE WBCs
What are “bands”?
Another type of neutrophil; horseshoe shape; IMMATURE neutrophils released into circulation during an acute infection
Range of “bands”
0-5%; could be greater if the acute infection is severe enough
What are the ranges of the eosinophil and basophils?
Eosinophils (2-4%)
Basophils (<2%)
What are eosinophils and basophils involved in?
Allergic reactions; they don’t respond to bacterial or viral infections
Characteristics of agranulocytes
contains no granules; mononuclear (one nucleus)
What are the two types of agranulocytes and their ranges?
Lymphocytes (30-40%) and Monocytes (4-8%)
what is the job of neutrophils?
they respond to bacterial infections through phagocytosis - because they have granules with anti-microbial properties
What stimulates neutrophil production?
Acute bacterial infections
T/F: Neutrophils have a short life span.
TRUE. once they engulf a pathogen, they die within 1-2 days.
In the presence of infection, if there is not enough neutrophils to fight infection d/t short life span, they will promote the release of ____?
Bands - immature neutrophils
Neutrophils stimulate the band cell production in acute bacterial infections - secondary force behind neutrophils
What is an increase in band cells called?
“a left shift”
What is the second line of defense in bacterial infections and foreign substances after neutrophils?
monocytes
characteristics of monocytes
slower to respond, but stronger than neutrophils; can transform into macrophages; assist in phagocytosis (ingest bacteria); clean up debris (help healing); longer lifespan
when do monocytes arrive on site?
3-7 days after the onset of inflammation
As macrophages, what do monocytes have the ability to do?
ingest large masses of matter and help clean up dead cells/tissue debri in order to help healing to commence