Tonga eruption 2022 Flashcards
Case study knowledge
What caused the Tonga volcanic eruption in 2022?
The eruption was caused by the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai underwater volcano, which experienced a series of explosive eruptions due to the interaction of magma and seawater.
How many deaths were there as a result of the eruption?
4
How did the interaction between water and magma contribute to the explosion?
When hot magma came into contact with cold seawater, it caused rapid cooling and fragmentation, leading to steam explosions and a highly explosive volcanic event.
What was the size of the ash cloud produced?
The ash cloud reached an altitude of over 30 km into the stratosphere, covering a large area and affecting satellite communication.
How did the eruption affect the surrounding islands?
The eruption caused widespread ashfall, damaging crops, homes, and infrastructure on nearby islands like Tonga’s main island, Tongatapu.
What were the global impacts of the eruption?
The eruption triggered tsunami waves across the Pacific, disrupted air travel, and caused changes in atmospheric pressure, affecting weather patterns worldwide.
What was the immediate response to the disaster in Tonga?
International aid, including food, water, and medical supplies, was sent to Tonga, with countries like Australia and New Zealand leading the relief efforts.
Why was communication disrupted after the eruption?
The eruption severed Tonga’s undersea communication cable, cutting off internet and phone services, making external communication extremely difficult.
How did the eruption affect air quality and climate?
The ash and gases released impacted local air quality and contributed to temporary cooling by injecting aerosols into the upper atmosphere, reflecting sunlight.
What long-term actions were taken to mitigate future risks?
Governments and scientists focused on improving volcanic monitoring systems and strengthening disaster preparedness in the region to mitigate future risks.
