Iceland’s Reykjanes Eruptions: 2021-2024 Flashcards
Case study knowledge
What is the tectonic setting of Iceland?
Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ocean spreading ridge, a constructive plate boundary where new land surface is formed as the plates move apart at a rate of about 2cm per year. It is also influenced by a hot spot overlying a powerful mantle plume.
What volcanic systems are found on the Reykjanes Peninsula?
The Reykjanes Peninsula has several volcanic systems. Magma rises through fissures and weaknesses in the Earth’s crust, increasing the risk of eruptions.
What is significant about the Reykjanes eruptions between 2021-2024?
These eruptions mark the beginning of a new eruptive period in the Reykjanes Peninsula, with seven eruptions since 2021.
What hazards are associated with Icelandic volcanic eruptions?
Hazards include ash production, lava flows, gas emissions, debris flows, and glacier outburst floods (jökulhlaups) caused by magma melting glacier ice.
What was the impact of the 2021 Geldingadalir eruption?
The Geldingadalir eruption in 2021 produced lava flows and gas emissions but caused no damage to settlements. It led to some gas pollution, vegetation fires, and injuries from visitors entering the eruption site.
How did the Meradalir eruption in 2022 compare to the Geldingadalir eruption?
The Meradalir eruption was more vigorous than the 2021 eruption but had a shorter duration, with no damage to settlements. It also caused some gas pollution and vegetation fires.
What measures were taken to protect the town of Grindavík during the Sundhnúkur Fires II eruptions in 2023-2024?
What measures were taken to protect the town of Grindavík during the Sundhnúkur Fires II eruptions in 2023-2024?
How do the Sundhnúkur Fires II eruptions differ from earlier eruptions in the Fagradalsfjall system?
The Sundhnúkur Fires II eruptions occurred closer to populated areas, including Grindavík, and critical infrastructure such as the Svartsengi power station, posing greater risks to people and property.
