Tone and Motor Control Assessment Flashcards
What is the combination of things needed in order to have motor control?
cognition
sensation
coordination
ROM
Tone*
Active Movement/Synergy*
What is tone?
the amount of inherent neuromuscular activity present even in a resting muscle, it is detected by the response to passive elongation or stretch
What are the factors that influence tone?
gravity
properties of muscle and tissue- biceps and leg adductors tend to be more dominant
patient state- may change with fatigue, emotional state or illness
What are the categories of tone?
flaccidity/hypotonia
normal
spasticity
rigidity
When would you see flaccidity/hypotonia?
Lower motor neuron injuries
ex. trauma to peripheral nerve, guillian barre, SCI below T12
Hypertonia/spasticity is ____________.
Velocity dependent
When would you see hypertonia/spasticity?
injury to upper motor neuron (descending pathway or brainstem)
increased excitability of alpha motor neuron
What are some associated reactions of spasticity?
+Babinski
+clonus
increased DTR
fatigue more easily
What are possible diagnoses with spasticity as an impairment?
stroke
TBI
MS
Parkinson’s
tumor
SCI - cervical or thoracic level
cerebral palsy
Rigidity is ____________
Independent of velocity
What are associated reactions with rigidity?
tremor in muscle
bradykinetic-impaired ability to move
What are possible diagnoses with rigidity as an impairment?
advanced stage parkinson’s
very severe head injury
What is dystonia?
Prolonged involuntary movement disorder characterized by twisting or writhing movements and increased muscle tone
typically trunk decreased tone and limbs increased tone
What are possible diagnoses with dystonia as an impairment?
basal ganglia damage
neurodegenerative diseases- ex. cerebral palsy
What is a grade 1 on Modified Ashworth Scale?
catch and release at end range of motion
