TOLD Flashcards
Rotation Speed
speed at which aft stick is initiated
Takeoff Speed
speed at which main gear lifts off the runway, and a 7.5 degree pitch attitude is held through an altitude of 50 feet
Takeoff Distance
distance in feet from brake release to main gear lift off
Critical Field Length
total runway length required to accelerate with both engines operating to the critical engine failure speed, experience an engine failure, then either continue to accelerate to SETOS and takeoff (approximately 700 feet from start of rotation at SETOS), or stop in the same distance.
Refusal Speed
maximum speed to which the aircraft is able to accelerate with both engines operating in MAX, and either: Abort with Both Engines Operating (BEO) or abort with an Engine Failure (EF). Assumptions:
In both situations, a 3-second delay is allowed to recognize and react to an event.
During this 3-second reaction time, under the Both Engines Operating scenario, both engines are producing MAX thrust; in the Engine Failure scenario, one engine is producing MAX thrust while the other engine is windmilling.
At the end of this period, throttles are pulled to idle and the aircraft begins to decelerate as the engine thrust decays. If the aircraft is in a three-point attitude and the airspeed is below 130 KCAS, wheel brakes are gradually applied such that the desired braking is reached in 2 seconds.
Wheel braking is limited to cautious braking from 130 to 100 KCAS, and optimum braking below 100 KCAS.
If the aircraft has rotated at abort initiation, the pitch attitude is held in the rotated position of 7.5 degrees for aerobraking until 120 KCAS. Wheel braking is not used while aerobraking. At 120 KCAS, the nose settles to the runway, and at nose wheel touchdown, wheel brakes are gradually applied such that desired braking is reached in 2 seconds.
While decelerating, under the BEO scenario, both engines are producing idle thrust.
Under the EF scenario, one engine is producing idle thrust and the other engine is windmilling.
Single-Engine Takeoff Speed
SETOS is the speed at which the aircraft is able to climb, once clear of ground effect, at a minimum of 100 feet per minute with gear down, flaps 60 percent. Rotation is initiated at SETOS during a single-engine takeoff. The minimum SETOS is two-engine takeoff speed.
Critical Engine Failure Speed
CEFS is the speed to which the aircraft accelerates with both engines, experience an engine failure, and permit either acceleration to SETOS and takeoff (approximately 700 feet from rotation at SETOS), or decelerate to a stop in the same distance.
Decision Speed
The minimum speed at which the aircraft is able to experience an instantaneous engine failure and still accelerate to SETOS and takeoff (approximately 700 feet from start of rotation at SETOS) in the remaining runway. Assumptions:
At decision speed, a 3-second delay is allowed to recognize and react to the engine failure;
during which time, acceleration continues with one engine in MAX thrust and the other engine windmilling.
If the aircraft reaches Rotation Speed before or during this period, the aircraft begins a rotation to the takeoff attitude. At the end of the 3-second reaction time, the aircraft maintains or is returned to a three point attitude and accelerated to SETOS with neutral stick.
Minimum Acceleration Check Speed
Minimum acceptable speed at the check distance with which takeoff should be continued. MACS is computed to allow for variations in engine performance due to engine trim, throttle setting (e.g., formation takeoff), and pilot technique.
