TOLD

Question 0

CFL (Critical Field Length)

Answer 0

Total length of runway required to accelerate on all engines to critical engine failure speed, experience an engine failure, then continue to lift-off or stop

(critical field length must be no greater than the runway available)

Question 1

Vcef (Critical Engine Failure Speed)

Answer 1

One engine can fail and the same distance is required to either continue to accelerate to lift-off speed, or to abort and decelerate to a full stop

(Figure A3-25)

Question 2

Take-off Ground Run

Answer 2

runway distance normally obtained in service operation at zero wind at the mission-specified weight, pressure altitude, thrust setting, ambient temperature, and appropriate take-off configuration using lift-off speed

Question 3

Vmcg (Minimum Control Speed Ground)

Answer 3

88 KIAS, one engine can fail and still able to maintain directional control using only primary aerodynamic controls without deviating more than 25 feet laterally with all three wheels on the runway

Conditions:
remaining engine at TRT
most unfavorable weight and CG
trimmed for takeoff
rudder  boost operating
no more than 180lbs rudder required 

(RCR and crosswind may increase Vmcg)

Question 4

Vmca (Minimum Control Speed Air)

Answer 4

( 89 KIAS) Minimum controllable speed in take-off configuration out of ground effect with one engine inoperative and the remaining engine at take-off rated thrust

Question 5

Vr (refusal speed)

Answer 5

maximum speed than can be attained, with normal acceleration, from which a stop may be completed within the available runway length

Question 6

Vb (Maximum Braking Speed) Takeoff

Answer 6

Maximum speed from which the aircraft can be brought to a stop without exceeding the maximum brake energy limit (14.8 million foot pounds)

(figure 3-26)

Question 7

Vrot (Rotation Speed)

Answer 7

Speed at which the aircraft attitude is increased from the ground run (taxi) attitude to the lift-off attitude

(greater than minimum control speed Vmcg)

(Figure A3-27)

Question 8

Take-Off Flare

Answer 8

Ground distance covered between lift-off and the 50-foot obstacle height

Question 9

Climbout Factor

Answer 9

Minimum climbout factor for all takeoffs is 2.5

Question 10

(Vac) Approach Climb Speed

Answer 10

Vref+22 KIAS

Question 11

Flare Distance

Answer 11

Ground distance covered from the 50-foot height to touchdown

Question 12

Landing Ground Roll Distance

Answer 12

Ground distance covered from touchdown to full stop using normal braking procedures

Question 13

Total Landing Distance

Answer 13

Sum of flare distance and ground roll distance

Question 14

Maximum Braking Speed (hot brakes) (landing)

Answer 14

Max speed aircraft can be brought to complete stop without exceeding the energy absorption capability. (fuse plug brake energy 4.05 million ft/lbs per brake

Question 15

S1

Answer 15

Refusal (Vr)
Rotation (Vrot)
Max braking speed (Vb)
    S1
Ground Minimum Control Speed (Vmcg)
Critical Engine Failure Speed (Vcef)

Question 16

Reference Zero

Answer 16

The point in space at the end of the takeoff flare distance at which the aircraft reaches 50’ above runway elevation and should occur by the end of the runway

Question 17

Runway Condition Reading (RCR)

Answer 17

A measure of tire-to-runway coefficient

Dry Good 23
Wet Medium 12
Icy Poor 05

Question 18

Runway Surface Condition (RSC)

Answer 18

Average depth covering the runway surface measured to 1/10th of an inch. (RSC of 10 is equivalent of 1 inch)

WR--wet runway
SLR--Slush on runway
LSR--Loose snow on runway
PSR--Packed snow on runway
IR--Ice on runway

Question 19

DISTANCE TO 50 FOOT OBSTACLE

Answer 19

Sum of the take-off ground run distance to lift-off+airborne horizontal distance needed to accelerate and climb to arrive at the 50-foot obstacle height

at or above the obstacle climbout speed

If S1 < Vrot then CFL must be used for the distance from break release to lift-off

Question 20

Climbout Speed (Vco)

Answer 20

schedule of single engine climbout speed

should be obtained at or prior to 50’ obstacle height

two engine climbout speed is VCO+10

Question 21

How are headwinds used in takeoff planning?

Answer 21

Normally not used as a margin of safety.

If used only apply 50% of steady headwind component when computing

• CFL
• Vcef
• Vr
• Vb
• takeoff distances
• DO NOT APPLY to terrain clearance

Question 22

How are tailwind components used in takeoff planning?

Answer 22

apply 150% of tailwind component to

• CFL
• Vcef
• Vr
• Vb
• Takeoff distances
• ALSO APPLY 150% tailwind component to terrain clearance

Question 23

Runway available equal to Critical Field Length

Answer 23

Engine failure occurs at refusal point, distance to continue on one engine is equal to distance to stop.

Critical engine failure speed and refusal speed coincident

Ground minimum control speed has to be equal to or lower than critical engine failure speed (S1 determined by Vcef)

Question 24

Runway available longer than critical field length

Answer 24

Vr is always higher than Vcef

Vr based on runway available Vcef based on CFL

Vmcg equal to Vcef but less than Vr (therefore determines S1)

Question 25

Runway available less than critical field length

Answer 25

region just past refusal point, where if an engine fails, it is not possible to stop or continue the take-off within the remaining runway.

Impossible to select a speed for S1

recommended aircraft be downloaded until the corresponding critical field length is at least equal to the runway available