TofV Flashcards

1
Q

Clemenceau aims

A
  • cripple germany forever
  • revenge
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2
Q

wilson aims

A
  • idealist
  • didn’t want GER punished too harshly
  • wanted international cooperation to achieve world peace
  • 14 points
  • league of nations
  • self determination
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3
Q

George aims

A
  • wanted GER to lose its navies
  • resume trading with germany
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4
Q

terms of the treaty

A
  • war guilt
  • reparations
  • territory and colonies
  • arms reduction
  • League of Nations- GER not invited to join
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5
Q

Treaty of St Germain

A

1919
austria and Hungary to be separated
Austrian army reduced to 30,000
lost land to ITA and POL

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6
Q

treaty of neuilly

A

1919
BUL lost lands to GRE, ROM, YUGO
limited armes forces

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7
Q

treaty of trianon

A

1920
HUNG lost lands to ROM, CZECH, YUGO
3 million Hungarians living in other states

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8
Q

treaty of sevres

A

1920
TURK lost land to BRIT and FRA

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9
Q

what happened in germany in 1922 and 1923?

A
  • failed to pay 2nd installment in 1922
  • French and Bulgarian troops invaded the Ruhr in 1923
  • workers were ordered to stop working, however the government would still pay them
  • more money was printed
  • hyperinflation
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10
Q

How could the T of V be justified - introduction

A
  • context: Clemenceau’s aims + reason, George’s aims + reasons, Wilson’s aims + reasons
  • Hindsight: historians are able to look back and interpret the big picture of certain events, however it can make one forget to see history as a ‘living thing’. Not judge outcomes based on facts people didn’t know at the time
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11
Q

How could the T of V be justified - historians

A

1) Zara Steiner (2004)
- idea that Germany was not destroyed
believed that the treaty was not excessively harsh
- flawed treaty that failed to solve a problem of both punishing and conciliating a country.

2) Margaret Macmillan (2001)
- they could not force the future and they could certainly not control it, that was up to their successors.

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12
Q

YES the t of v can be justified

A
  • a compromise was reached despite different aims
  • war-guilt: FRA wanted GER to bear complete responsibility and guilt for the war, BRIT had mixed thought, USA not happy
  • disarmament: Wilson thought it was too much, Clemenceau wanted Germany even more disarmed and George had mixed opinions
  • French president (Poincaré) wanted GER broken up into a collection of smaller states, but Clemenceau knew that the BRIT and USA would not agree
  • Despite being a harsh treaty, it could’ve been much worse
  • comparison with Brest-Litovsk treaty: USSR lost 89% of coal mines, in T of V GER only lost 16%.
  • had positive principles and outcomes:
  • L of N
  • self-determination
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13
Q

NO the T of V can’t be justified

A
  • too harsh and punitive
  • created roots for war (hindsight)
  • GER’s Econ. was already ruined: as is every country’s after a war, and with the treaty, GER lost territories, coal-mines, and had to pay a ridiculous amount of money in reparations
  • made GER’s economy collapse and created roots for future problems as there was no diplomatic way in which Germany could pay and still survive as a nation.
  • more problems caused then saved
  • lack of agreement led to a treaty no one liked
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14
Q

Terms of the treaty (reparations)

A

6.6 billion pounds

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14
Q

Terms of the treaty (guilt)

A
  • GER was forced to accept full blame
  • caused deep resentment towards T of V
  • exclusion of GER from L of N -> they felt even more humiliated
  • germans blamed the t of v for hyperinflation
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15
Q

Terms of the treaty (arms reduction)

A

army limited to 100,000 men, no conscription, only 6 battleships, no aircraft or submarines, Rhineland demilitarized

16
Q

Terms of the treaty (territorial losses)

A

GER lost its colonies in Africa
Alsace-lorraine returned to France,
Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
North Schleswig to Denmark
Upper Silesia to Poland and Czech
lost 10% of its territory

17
Q

What did Germany include to help pay for reparations?

A

60% of coal production for 10 years
90% of merchant navy
most of modern railway locomotives
half of its dairy cattle