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history IGCSE > The Nazi party > Flashcards

The Nazi party Flashcards

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1
Q

events between 1921 and 1928

A

1921- Hitler became leader of nazi party
1923- SA founded. Munich putsch backfired
1924- Hitler wrote Main Kampf (outlined his ideas for nazi elections
1928- economy was good and nazi seats dropped from 32 (1924) to 12.
Nazis shifted their focus from workers to peasants and the conservative part of Germany.

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2
Q

some points of the 25 point programme

A
  • abolition of T of V
  • Anschluss
  • anti-semitism
  • nationalization of businesses and industries
  • strong central gov.
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3
Q

Lebensraum

A

(living space)
expansion to Russia and Poland

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4
Q

positive cohesion

A

people who voted for the nazi party because they believed in its message and proposals

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5
Q

negative cohesion

A

people who voted for the nazi party, not because they believed in their message but because they preferred voting for them than for others

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6
Q

how did the depression help the nazis? and what did the nazis do

A
  • made weimar politicians look weak: nazis seemed to be the only party capable to solve the crisis (eg. soup kitchen)
  • made GER less able to pay reparations from WW1: taxes raised. made people hate t of v and the weimar rep. even more (nazis always hated both and were very explicit about that in their policies)
  • increased unemployment and poverty in GER: nazis offered jobs
  • increased support for communism: negative cohesion
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7
Q

How did Hitler become chancellor by 1933? (April 1932- November 1932)

A

April 1932- Hitler lost elections to Hindenburg by little
- Hindenburg didn’t want Hitler to be his chancellor
July 1932- 230 seats in Reichstag for the Nazis
- Hindenburg used emergency power (article 48) to contain unemployment - showed how weak and useless the Reichstag was
- Von Papen (chancellor at time) could no longer govern (no confidence vote) collapse of gov.
- November: new elections. 196 seats in Reichstag

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8
Q

What happened in January 1933?

A

30th Jan 1933: Hitler becomes chancellor

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9
Q

What helped Hitler to become chancellor?

A
  1. Hitler’s speaking skills
  2. Propaganda campaigns
  3. German general criticism of Weimar system of gov.
  4. nazi policies
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10
Q

What obstacles did Hitler face on the road to consolidate power?

A
  1. Hindenburg: did not like hitler
  2. Reichstag: nazi party not majority
  3. Trade unions: they could go on a strike in protest against any measure they disagree with.
  4. The army - military officials were concerned about the threat of the SA. Hitler would need the army’s side in order to impose his full authority
  5. The SA - large force by 1933 that could cause divisions within the Nazi party
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11
Q

What happened in February 1933

A

27th February 1933: The Reichstag Fire: Hitler blamed the Communists. demanded emergency power
28th Feb 1933: Hindenburg passed the Reichstag decree- allowed police forces to carry out searches. 4000 communists arrested

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12
Q

What happened in March 1933 election?

A
  • march election campaign slogan: “The battle against Marxism
  • March 1933: nazi seats rise (43.91%)
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13
Q

The enabling act

A
  • March 1933
  • Nazis had 288 seats in reichstag
  • they formed a majority with the support of the Nationalist party
  • Hitler was able to pass the enabling act which gave him the power to pass laws without the Reichstag or without consulting the president
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14
Q

events between April 1933 and January 1934

A

7 april 1933: Jews and opponents removed from civil service
2 may 1933: trade unions banned
14 July 1933: law against the formation of new parties
January 1934: All state governments were brought under central (nazi control)

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15
Q

the night of the long knives

A

30 June 1934
Hitler arrested and executed enemies and leaders of the SA (400)
Pleased the army

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16
Q

The army oath

A

2 August 1934: Hindenburg died
Hitler combined position of chancellor and president to form fuhrer
2 august 1934: army swore an oath of loyalty to Hitler as the furrier of Germany
- army promised to stay out of politics and hitler promised to rebuild German armed forces and make them into a military power once again

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17
Q

successes of the 1936 olympics

A
  1. Nazi Germany went by as the illusion of being a peaceful, tolerant nation
  2. Impressed people due to the modernity and organization of it all
  3. The nazi olympics also helped Germany cultivate an atmosphere of appeasement from the rest of the world as Hitler prepared for conquest and war.
18
Q

failures of the 1936 olympics

A
  1. Jesse Owens: a black American won 4 gold medals, proving wrong Nazi racial ideologies
  2. Scared people. They were struck by the overt presence of the army and SS soldiers
19
Q

Why was the 1936 olympics Moree successful within Germany than outside it?

A

German people were used to the nazi propaganda machine, and found that the Games appeared to have presented all the qualities they valued in the Nazis. However, to many foreign visitors who were not used to such blatant propaganda, it seemed fanatical and odd.

20
Q

Nazis and the Church (successes)

A
  1. Concordat July 1933 - Church stayed out of politics. In return for the Nazis letting its religious services, youth groups and schools operating
  2. Priests imprisoned
  3. established a Reich church (2,000 clergy joined)
  4. Managed to keep most church people quiet
21
Q

Nazis and the Church (failures)

A
  1. Some catholics opposed Hitler because he broke concordat’s terms (often would campaign to stop children from attending catholic schools)
  2. 6,000 protestant ministers opposed
  3. Nazis were unsuccessful in getting people to join the reich church
  4. the Nazis never managed to eliminate religion’s influence
22
Q

How were the Jews persecuted by the nazis?

A
  1. separating from society: immediately banned from civil service, SA and SS boycotted jewish shops, Nuremberg laws (1935) took away German citizenship from Jews
  2. Propaganda/Discrimination: Goebbel’s experts bombarded germans with antisemitic propaganda, Jews were refused jobs
  3. Violence: In 1938 a Jew killed a German diplomat, Nazis used this as an excuse, 20,000 Jews taken to concentration camps, hundreds of synagogues burned
23
Q

Why did the Nazis want to control young people?

A

To grow into strong, loyal soldiers that would fight for Hitler in the second world war
also
Young people were easy to control as they had only known suffering; not like their parents who remembered what germany was like before the first world war
and easy to manipulate them as they haven’t made up their minds about many things yet

24
Q

How did the Nazis control young people?

A

Hitler Youth.
being manipulated in school
if you did not join the hitler youth you would have been looked on with suspicion and pressure
an employer would ask whether you had been in the hitler youth

25
Q

attractions of the nazi youth movement

A
  • cross-country
  • rallies/parades
  • all your friends were part of it (influential)
  • only legal youth organisation
26
Q

How did the Nazis tackle unemployment?

A

-National labour service
- house/public building programmes
- rearmament
-network of motorways/railways

27
Q

unemployment technique rearmament

A

1935- conscription for German army
which reduced unemployment and created the need for production of weapons, equipment, ammo., and uniforms
this also consequently created jobs in the coal mines, steel and textile mills

28
Q

Nazi economic policies towards workers

A
  1. Strength through joy (KDF) - gave workers cheap cinema tickets, organized courses, trips and sporting events
  2. Volkswagen beetle - workers would pay 5 marks a week so that in a couple of years they would have a car
  3. beauty of labour - improved working conditions in factories, created washing facilities and low-cost canteens
  4. German labour front - kept strict control of workers. they could not strike for better pay conditions and in some areas, prevent them from moving to better-paid jobs
29
Q

Nazi economic policies towards farming communities

A
  1. reich food estate- central boards to buy agricultural produce from the farmers and distribute it to markets across germany
  2. reich entailed farm law
    banks couldn’t seize their land if they could not pay loans/mortgages
  3. blood and soil- idea that peasant farmers were the basis of Germany’s master race
30
Q

volksgemeinschaft

A
  • concept by Hitler
  • national community of all “racially pure germans”
  • Hitler believed people would be so proud to belong to a nation that was racially and culturally superior that they would put the interests of germany before their own- max. nationalist
  • evidence suggests this failed: germans in the 1930s never loosed their self interest
31
Q

Why were women important to the Nazis? policies? successes? failures?

A

because they supported men and had children
policy: gold cross (8 or more children)
evidence of success?: 1933-1939: 21% increase in pop.
evidence of failure: women still had to work during crisis years

32
Q

Hitler’s response to the Limitation on Germany’s armed forces

A

1933- rearm in secret
1935- Anglo-German naval agreement (GER could have 35% of British navy -appeasement)
1935- conscription reintroduced
Hitler did this on the basis that no one else was disarming
FRA and BRIT did nothing because BRIT was sympathetic to GER (they thought the t of v had been too harsh) and GER was a good buffer against communism

33
Q

Hitler’s response to demilitarization in the Rhineland

A

1935: intense propaganda campaign in the SAAR led to 90% vote for the territory to return to GER
March 1936: Hitler sends troops to the Rhineland, claiming germany was under threat
- The league condemned Hitler’s action, but nothing else. The league was busy with Abyssinia

34
Q

Why did FRA and BRIT do nothing to stop Hitler until the point of outbreak of war?

A

FRA: did not want to take any action with BRIT support. FRA was about to have an election and no politician wanted responsibility of war

BRIT: did not want to do anything - felt GER had the right to place troops on borders (felt versailles had been to harsh) also GER acted as buffer against communism

35
Q

Spanish civil war

A

1936-1937: Hitler sent support to Spanish rebels (to test new weapons)
- GBR and FRA did nothing despite the League having prohibited any nation from interfering in the Spanish civil war
This encouraged hitler to take a bigger gamble

36
Q

Hitler’s response to prohibition of anschluss

A

1934- first attempt at Anschluss failed because Mussolini helped him
1936/37: hitler and Russo became allies
1938: Hitler asked Austrian nazis to cause problems in Austria. he then claimed that the Anschluss would be a solution. The Austrian chancellor called a plebiscite to decide what to do
March 1938: German troops marched into Austria to ‘keep an eye’ on elections. 99.75% voted yes Anschluss

37
Q

What did FRA and BRIT do as consequence to Hitler’s Anschluss

A

no military confrontation
chamberlain increased Britain’s rearmament spending further still and made plans for compulsory military service and the preparation for air-aid defenses

38
Q

some reasons for appeasement

A
  • fear of communism: they saw Hitler as the buffer to the threat of spreading communism
  • German arms
  • lack of support/involvement from USA
  • economic problems from first world war
  • treaty of versailles: many felt it was unfair
39
Q

Munich agreement

A

1938
Hitler, BRIT, FRA, ITA
agreement of German annexation of Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
note: Czechoslovakia wasn’t even consulted
appeasement

40
Q

Nazi-soviet pact

A

Signed august 1939
secret agreement to divide Poland was made
1 sept: GER invades Poland
GBR/FRA warned Hitler they would declare war. Hitler didn’t believe them
3 sept 1939: war declared.

41
Q

Why did Stalin sign the Nazi- Soviet pact in 1939?

A
  • He did not trust Britain and France. If attached, he felt would be on their own
  • He would gain territory in Poland and the Baltic states
  • he needed time to build USSR’s armed forces for potential war with Hitler

history IGCSE (6 decks)

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