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Image Analysis > Toes, Foot, and Ankle > Flashcards

Toes, Foot, and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What is toe rotation controlled by?

A

Your foot

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2
Q

How is the concavity of the midshaft of the proximal phalanx

A

Concavity of the midshaft of the proximal phalanx is equal on both sides

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3
Q

What term means the bottom of your foot

A

Plantar

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4
Q

What term means the top of the foot

A

Dorsum

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5
Q

Does the posterior surface or the anterior surface of the proximal phalanx show more concavity than the other

A

Posterior surface (plantar) of proximal phalanx shows more concavity than anterior (dorsal) surface

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6
Q

Does the side that is being rolled away show more or less concavity

A

Side that’s being rolled away has more concavity and tissue seen

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7
Q

What do you do if the patient can’t get their toes flat ?

A

Angle cephalically

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8
Q

What should be in profile in the lateral toe?

A

Toe nail should be in profile

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9
Q

What would rotate in the same direction as the foot

A

The toenail

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10
Q

What can you look at for the rotation of the toe?

A

Soft tissue and concavity will be greater on the side positioned away from the side being rotated
Look at the toe nail- it will rotate is the same direction as the foot

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11
Q

What does a 10 to 15 degree angle do to an ap toe

A

IP and MTP joint spaces are open and the phalanges are demonstrated without foreshortening

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12
Q

How much do you rotate the foot for an AP oblique toes

A

Rotate the foot 45 degrees

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13
Q

For an AP oblique projection of the toe, which side is going to have twice as much soft tissue width and concavity

A

twice as much soft tissue width and concavity are present on the side of the digit rotated away from IR

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14
Q

For an ap oblique projection of the tow, how much soft tissue and width will be present on the side of the digit rotated away from IR

A

Twice as much soft tissue width and concavity

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15
Q

Criteria for an AP oblique projection of a toe

A

Rotate foot 45°
Extend toe to open joint spaces
No soft tissue or bony overlap from adjacent digits
Twice as much soft tissue width and concavity are present on the side of the digit rotated away from IR

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16
Q

For a lateral toe, which aspect has more concavity

A

The posterior aspect shows more concavity

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17
Q

What is the degree for an AP foot dorsaplantar

A

Zero degrees

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18
Q

How the condyles in a lateral toe

A

Condyles are superimposed

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19
Q

What is in profile in a lateral toe

A

Toenail

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20
Q

Criteria for a lateral toe

A

Posterior aspect shows more concavity
Condyles are superimposed
Toenail is demonstrated in profile anteriorly
No soft tissue or bony overlap

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21
Q

Main issue for an AP foot

A

Getting Uniform density - more density up through the cuboids and the toes are much thinner

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22
Q

Criteria for AP foot

A

Uniform density
Joint space of the 1st and 2ndcuneiforms are open
Concavity equal on both sides of first metararsal midshaft
TMT and navicular-cuneiform joint spaces are open

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23
Q

What happens when you rotate the foot laterally

A

The 1st and 2ndcuneiform joint space will close
Talus moves over the calcaneus ( results in less than ¾ inch of calcaneal demonstration
Increase in the metatarsal base superimposition

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24
Q

If you medial or laterally rotate the foot, what are you doing to the 1st and 2nd cuneiform joint space

A

You will close it off

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25
Q

What will you see in a medial rotation of the ap foot

A

Close joint space
Talus moves away from the calcaneus, more than ¾ inch of calcaneus is visualized
Decrease in superimposition of metatarsal bones

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26
Q

What spaces are closed in a medial oblique ap foot

A

1st and 2nd intermetatarsal joints are closed

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27
Q

Is the cuboid-cuneiform space open or closed in a medial oblique ap foot

A

Open

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28
Q

What spaces are open in an medial oblique ap foot

A

2nd - 5th intermetatarsal joint spaces are open

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29
Q

What is well demonstrated in a medial oblique ap foot ?

A

Sinus tarsi

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30
Q

What is the main reason for a medial oblique ap foot

A

For the cuboid

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31
Q

How many degrees should you oblique the foot for a medial oblique

A

30 degrees

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32
Q

Is the cuboid on the lateral or medial aspect

A

Lateral

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33
Q

In a medial oblique foot how is the Base of the fifth

A

Parallel to the ir
5th MT tuberosity is visualized

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34
Q

Common fracture of the base of the fifth

A

Jones fracture

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35
Q

Is the navicular on the medial or lateral aspect

A

Medial

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36
Q

what joint is open in a calcaneus projection

A

Talocalcaneal joint is open

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37
Q

how is the calcaneal tuberosity in the calcaneus projection

A

without distortion

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38
Q

how is the CR in a calcanues projection

A

40 degrees
parallel with the talocalcaneal joint space and
perpendicular to the calcaneal tuberosity

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39
Q

what is another name for the calcaneus projection

A

plantodorsal

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40
Q

what aspect of the heel is curved

A

medial

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41
Q

how should the foot be in a calcaneus projection

A

dorsiflexed

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42
Q

what are we going right through in a calcaneus projection

A

it is going right through the lateral malleolus so we know we are getting a good open joint space

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43
Q

how is the image if the foot is dorsiflexed beyond 90 degrees and the angle remains at 40 degrees

A

heel elongated
no longer see joint space
tuberosity is elongated

44
Q

what should you do when the foot is dorsiflexed past 90 degrees

A

decrease the angle

45
Q

what should you change if the CR remains at 40 degrees and the pt is plantar flexed

A

for improvement the CR should be increased to maintain accurate CR alignment

46
Q

what happens when the pts foot is plantar flexed

A

-tuberosity foreshortened
- calcaneal joint space is obscured

47
Q

how to find new angle when the pt is having a hard time dorsiflexing

A

Locate the base of the 5th metatarsal and the point of the fibula

Angle the CR parallel with an imaginary line drawn between them

In plantar flexion and the use of the increase angle to open the joint space, there will elongation of the calcaneal tuberosity

48
Q

if the ankle is internally rotated how is the first and second metatarsals

A

If the ankle is internally rotated the first and second metatarsals are demonstrated medially

49
Q

if the ankle is externally rotated how are the fourth and fifth metatarsals

A

If the ankle is externally rotated the fourth and fifth metatarsals are demonstrated laterally

50
Q

which metatarsals are demonstrated medially when the ankle is interally rotated

A

first and second metatarsals

51
Q

which metatarsals are demonstarted laterally when the ankle is externally rotated

A

fourth and fifth metatarsals

52
Q

what joint space is open in the lateral calcaneus

A

Tibiotalar joint space is open

53
Q

how should the foot be in a lateral calcaneus

A

foot is dorsiflexed

54
Q

how should the tib-fib be in a lateral calcaneus

A

tib fib lateral position
-distal fibula is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia

55
Q

how are the domes in the lateral calcaneus

A

talar domes are superimposed

56
Q

criteria for the lateral calcaneus

A

Tib-Fib lateral position
Talar Domes are superimposed
Tibiotalar joint space is openDistal fibula is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia
Foot is dorsiflexed
Included base of the 5th

57
Q

If the proximal tibia is positioned farther from the imaging table than the distal tibia, how is the lateral talar dome??

A

the lateral talar dome will be proximal to the medial dome

58
Q

how is the tibia if the lateral talar dome is proximal to the medial dome

A

the proximal tibia is positioned farther from the imaging table than the distal tibia

59
Q

what happens to the cuboid and navicular bone when the lateral talar dome is proximal to the medial dome

A

cuboid shifts anteriorly
navicular bone moves posteriorly

60
Q

how is the height of the logitudinal arch when the lateral talar dome will be proximal to the medial dome

A

height of the longitudinal arch appears less

61
Q

how is the talocalcaneal joint when the lateral dome is proximal to the medial dome ?

A

Talocalcaneal joint will be narrowed

62
Q

If distal tibia is positioned farther from the imaging table than the proximal tibia, how is the medial talar dome?

A

the medial talar dome will be proximal to the lateral dome

63
Q

how is the height of the longitudinal arch when the medial talar dome is proximal to the lateral dome

A

height of longitudinal arch appears higher than it actually is

64
Q

how is the cuboid and navicular when the medial talar dome is proximal to the lateral dome

A

cuboid shifts posteriorly and navicular bone moves anteriorly

65
Q

how is the talocalcaneal joint when the medial talar dome is proximal to the lateral dome

A

Talocalcaneal joint will be wider

66
Q

how is the medial dome and fibula when the leg is over rotated (heel elevated)

A

If the leg is over rotated (heel elevated) the medial dome is
anterior to the lateral dome
Fibula is more posterior

67
Q

if the medial dome is anterior to the lateral dome and the fibula is more posterior how is the leg rotated

A

the leg is over rotated (heel elevated)

68
Q

how is the medial dome and fibula if the leg is not rotated enough (forefoot elevated)

A

If the leg is not rotated if enough (forefoot elevated) the medial dome is posterior to the lateral domeFibula is more anterior

69
Q

if the medial dome is posterior to the lateral dome and the fibula is anterior how is the leg

A

leg is not rotated enough (forefoot elevated)

70
Q

criteria for ap ankle

A

Medial mortise is open
Distal tibia and talus are superimposed over the distal fibula by 1/8th of an inch
Closing the lateral mortise
Anterior margin is approximately 1/8 inch proximal to the posterior margin

71
Q

what is open in an ap ankle

A

medial mortise is open

72
Q

what is being closed in an ap ankle

A

closing the lateral mortise

73
Q

in an ap ankle, how much is the distal tibia and talus superimposed over the distal fibula by

A

1/8th of an inch

74
Q

in an ap ankle, how much is the anterior margin proximal to the posterior margin

A

Anterior margin is approximately 1/8 inch proximal to the posterior margin

75
Q

in an external rotation ap ankle , how is the tibia and talus demonstrated ?

A

tibia and talus demonstrate greater superimposition of the fibula and the posterior aspect of the medial malleolus

76
Q

in an an internal rotation of an ap ankle, how is the fibula demonstrated ?

A

Internal rotation the fibula is demonstrated without talar superimposition

77
Q

how is the anterior tibial margin projected when the proximal lower leg is elevated or the cr was centered proximal

A

anterior tibial margin is projected distally

78
Q

when you elevate the proximal lower leg for an ap ankle , what does that do for the joint space

A

Narrows or obscured the joint space

79
Q

in an ap ankle, if there is elevation of the foot what does that do to the tibiotalarjoint space

A

Expands tibiotalarjoint space

80
Q

how is the anterior tibial margin projected when the distal lower leg is elevated or the CR was centered distally to the tibiotalar joint

A

the anterior tibial margin is projected more proximal to the posterior margin

81
Q

what is demonstrated in an ap ankle when the foot is elevated

A

Demonstrating the tibial articulating surface

82
Q

what is the angle of rotation for a mortise oblique of the ankle

A

15 to 20 degrees internally

83
Q

what is in profile in an ap oblique(mortise) of the ankle

A

Lateral and medial malleoli are in profile

84
Q

in an ap oblique(mortise) of an ankle, how is the distal fibula demonstrated?

A

Distal fibula is demonstrated without talar superimposition and demonstrating an open lateral mortise

85
Q

how is the tibia in an ap oblique (mortise) of the ankle

A

tibia has slight fibular superimposition

86
Q

if there is insufficient rotation in an ap oblique of an ankle (mortise) how is the medial mortise and lateral

A

Insufficient rotation-medial mortise will be open and the lateral will be closed

87
Q

in a 45 degree oblique of an ankle how is the medial mortise and lateral mortise

A

medial mortise- closed
lateral mortise- partially closed

88
Q

how is the fibula shown in a 45 degree oblique

A

fibula shown without tibial superimposition

89
Q

how is the tarsi sinus in a 45 degree oblique

A

Tarsi sinus is shown but not clearly identifiable as an open space

90
Q

how is the medial and lateral mortise if the ankle is rotated more than 45 degrees for an oblique

A

If the ankle is rotated more than 45°the medial and lateral mortise will be closed

91
Q

how is the fibula demonstrated if there is over rotation (more than 45 degrees) for an oblique

A

Fibula will be demonstrated with very little if any talar superimposition

92
Q

is the sinus tarsi demonstrated when there is over rotation of a 45 degree oblique ankle

A

Tarsi sinus will be demonstrated

93
Q

how are the domes in a lateral ankle

A

Domes are superimposed

94
Q

how is the tibiotalar joint in a lateral ankle

A

Tibiotalar joint is open

95
Q

criteria for the lateral ankle

A

Domes are superimposed
Tibiotalar joint is open
Distal fibular is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia
Base of the 5th MC should be included

96
Q

what is the distal fibular superimposed by in a lateral ankle

A

Distal fibular is superimposed by the posterior half of the distal tibia

97
Q

indicate joint effusion and injury

A

fat pads

98
Q

what fat pads are in the ankle

A

Anterior and Posterior Pads

99
Q

what fat pad is less sensitive

A

posterior

100
Q

this fat pad is less sensitive, but requires more fluid evasion to be displaced

A

posterior fat pad

101
Q

what flattens the anterior pad reducing its usefullness (MUST FLEX THE FOOT)

A

plantar flexion

102
Q

what does plantar flexion do

A

flatten the anterior pad reducing its usefullness (must flex the foot)

103
Q

In the lateral calcaneus, for the misalignment of the domes , how is the cuboid when the knee rises up

A

you see less of cuboid as knee rises up

104
Q

in the lateral calcaneus , for the misalignment of the domes, when the distal fibia is further from the table, how is the cuboid and arch

A

see more of the arch and seeing more of the cuboid

105
Q

what does the lateral dome follow

A

lateral dome follows the fibula

106
Q

in a lateral calcaneus, for the misalignment of the domes, how is the cuboid when the knee rises from the table

A

you see less of the cuboid

107
Q

in the lateral calcaneus , for the misalignment of the domes, how is the cuboid and the arch when the distal tibia rises from the table

A

increased arch and you see more of the cuboid

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