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Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

how are the medial and lateral epicondyles in a an AP elbow

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles are in profile

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2
Q

how is the radial head in ap projection of the elbow

A

Radial head is superimposed ¼ inch

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3
Q

are the epicondyles parallel or perp in ap elbow

A

Epicondyles are parallel, include ¼ of humerus and radius/ulna

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4
Q

what is in medial profile in ap projection of the elbow

A

Radial tuberosity in medial profile

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5
Q

what is demonstrated on end in an ap elbow

A

The coronoid process is demonstrated on end

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6
Q

what should be in the same plane for the ap projection of the elbow

A

humerus, elbow, forearm

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7
Q

what opens up the joint spaces in an ap projection of the elbow

A

fully extending the arm

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8
Q

how should the hand be in a ap projection of the elbow

A

hand supinated so that medial and lateral epicondyles are in profile

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9
Q

what should you look at for the rotation of the elbow

A

look at the radial head and the epicondyles

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10
Q

if you cant get the epicondyles parallel to the IR, what is affecting it

A

if you cant get the epicondyles parallel to the IR, its the humerus affecting it

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11
Q

if you cant get the hand supinated or pronated, what would be affecting the elbow

A

if you cant get the hand supinated or pronated correctly, its going to be the hand or wrist thats going to affect the elbow

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12
Q

In the one image, there is too much of the radial head and tuberosity of the ulna, how is the hand and what type of rotation is this

A

Hand pronated and its internal rotation

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13
Q

In one of the images, there is seperation and a small amount of head and tuberosity touching but not 1/4 inch, how is the hand

A

externally rotated or turned to the lateral

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14
Q

The lower the CR how is it projecting the radial head?

A

The lower the CR, its projecting the radial head up into the capitulum, joint space being closed off

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15
Q

The farther the CR is from the joint space, is there more or less superimposition

A

The farther from the joint space the more the superimposition

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16
Q

if the central ray is proximal to the joint space, how is the capitulum projected

A

If the central ray is proximal to the joint space, then the capitulum is projected into the joint space

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17
Q

what happens to the capitulum- radial joint when the patients extends arm atleast thirty degrees

A

Closes capitulum-radial joint

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18
Q

what happens For a patient that can extend at least 30 degrees

A

Closes capitulum-radial joint
Olecranon process moves away from the fossa
Coronoid process shifts proximally

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19
Q

what happens to the olecranon process when the patients extends arm atleast thirty degrees

A

Olecranon process moves away from the fossa

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20
Q

what happens to the coronoid process when the patients extends arm atleast thirty degrees

A

Coronoid process shifts proximally

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21
Q

how should the olecranon process be when arm is extended

A

olecranon should fill fossa when extended

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22
Q

for an ap elbow, if arm cannot be fully extended how many views should be done

A

2 views

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23
Q

when arm cannont be extended, and the humerus is in contact with the ir , what does it demonstrate

A

demonstrates humerus without distortion ( distal humerus ) , keep hand supinated , dont rotate hand bc epicondyles wont be parallel to IR

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24
Q

when pt cant extend for an ap elbow, and the forearm is in contact what is being demonstrated

A

proximal forearm, joint space is open between radius head and capitulum, humerus is superimposed

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25
degree of obliquity for internal oblique
45 degree of internal obliquity
26
how should the hand be for a internal oblique of the elbow
epicondyles 45 degrees and hand should be pronated
27
what is in profile in a internal oblique elbow
Coronoid process, the trochlear notch and the medial aspect of the trochlea are in profile
28
what articulation is open in a internal oblique of elbow
Trochlear-coronoid process articulation is open
29
what is superimposed over the ulna in an internal oblique elbow
The radial head and neck are superimposed over the ulna
30
what are you mainly looking at in an internal oblique elbow
coronoid
31
what aspect is being demonstrated in an internal oblique of the elbow
medial aspect
32
what does pronating the hand do to the radial head and ulna
superimposing radial head and ulna by pronating hand bc they are crossing over-> radial head right on top of ulna
33
does this describe an under or over rotation of the elbow -the head is demonstrated lateral to the coronoid process - radial head is not superimposed over the ulna - hand not fully pronated
not obliqued enough, less than 45 degrees
34
does this describe an under or over rotation of the elbow -the radial head is anterior to the coronoid process without complete superimposition of the ulna.
obliquity more than 45 degrees
35
what do you do for a patinet unable to extend the elbow
Position area of interest parallel to the IR
36
which fat pad is harder to push out
posterior fat pad is harder to push out than anterior
37
if the arm is not at a 90 degree angle for a lateral elbow, what are you doing to the anterior fat pad
you are distorting it
38
what is the hand doing if the capitulum is posterior
hand elevated slightly
39
if the capitulum is distal, how is the shoulder
elevated
40
if the capitulum is distal and anterior what happened to the arm and hand
humerus raised, hand down
41
when the capitulum is anterior , how is the hand
hand went lower
42
what is the degree for external obliquity of the elbow
45 degree of external obliquity
43
what is in profile for 45 degree external oblique of the elbow
Capitulum and radial tuberosity are in profile
44
what articulation is demonstrated in an external oblique of elbow
Radioulnar articulation is demonstrated
45
what is seen without superimposition in an external oblique of the elbow
The radial head, neck, and tuberosity are seen without superimposition
46
what do you need to do to hand in external oblique of the elbow
supinate hand and rest on thumb will bring epicondyles 45 degree
47
what is being demonstrated in an external oblique of the elbow
capitulum - also the radial head and tuberosity
48
Does this describe a over or under rotation of an elbow for the obliques -Radial head and tuberosity are partially superimposed -not fully extended -looks more like an AP -olecranon is not fully filling in fossa
less than 45 degrees of obliquity
49
Does this describe a over or under rotation of an elbow for the obliques -The coronoid is partially superimposed over the radial head - radial head and tuberosity are free of superimposition - rolled arm over so head is back on ulna -large amt. of space between radius and ulna
more than 45 degrees of obliquity
50
how should you position elbow for a lateral elbow
Flexed elbow 90° Center ¾ inch from lateral epicondyle
51
how should the epicondyles be in a lateral elbow
Epicondyles are perpendicular
52
what should be included in a lateral elbow
¼ of distal forearm and humerus Include soft tissue Should see the fat pads Horizontal with IR
53
why is flexing the elbow in a 90 degree angle so important for lateral elbow
flexing elbow 90 degrees- takes the posterior fat pad and stick it back into joint space - helps look at anterior fat pad, if not 90 degrees it will not look correct, this could make radiologist suspect fracture of radial head or neck
54
most common mistake is having proximal humerus elevated (shoulder is up) how is the capitulum, trochlea, radius and ulna
capitulum- more distal trochlea- more proximal radius- more posterior ulna- more anterior
55
when the proximal humerus is lower in the later elbow how is the capitulum, trochlea, radius, and ulna
capitulum- more proximal trochlea- more distal radius- more anterior ulna- more posterior **capitulum follows radius**
56
if the wrist (distal forearm) elevated how is the capitulum, radius, trochlea, coronoid
capitulum- moves posterior radius- moves proximal trochlea- anterior coronoid - distal
57
if the wrist (distal forearm) is depressed how is the capitulum and radius
capitulum- moves anterior Radius - distal
58
whatever way the capitulum, how is the trochlea moving
whatever they way the capitulum is moving the trochlea is moving the opposite
59
whatever the way the radius is moving, how is the coronoid is moving
whatever the way the radius is moving, the coronoid is moving the opposite
60
when the radius is moving distal how is the coronoid moving
coronoid moving proximal
61
when the capitulum is moving anterior how is the trochlea moving
when the capitulum is moving anterior, trochlea moving posterior
62
when the capitulum is more anterior what should you do to hand , how is the trochlea, radial head, and coronoid
- drop hand down -capitulum anterior -trochlea post. -radial head distal -coronoid proximal
63
Radial head is positioned too far posteriorly on the coronoid process - how is the distal capitulum
Distal capitulum surface demonstrated too far distal to the distal surface of the medial trochlea
64
The radial head is positioned too far anteriorly on the coronoid process - how is the distal capitulum
Distal capitulum surface is demonstrated too far proximal to the distal medial trochlear surface
65
Elevated proximal Humerus: how is the capitulum and radius
Capitulum moves distal and radius moves posterior
66
Depressed proximal Humerus: how is the capitulum and radius
Capitulum moves proximal and radius moves anterior
67
If the wrist (distal forearm) elevated: how is the capitulum and radius
Capitulum moves posterior and radius moves proximal
68
If the wrist (distal forearm) is depressed: how is the capitulum and radius
Capitulum moves anterior and radius moves distal
69
for the coyle method , how is the radial head demonstrated
45 degree angle towards shoulder (head) needs to be at 90 degree
70
for coyle method, how is the coronoid demonstarted
bring arm back 80 degrees angle down (will push radius down)
71
criteria for coyle method
Position the patient for a lateral elbow Angle the central ray 45° towards the shoulder Separates the capitulum and trochlea of the distal humerus It positions the radial head anterior to the coronoid process Capitulum-radial joint is open This is used when a radial head fracture or a fracture of the capitulum is suspected

Image Analysis (7 decks)

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