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Image Analysis > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

how are the medial and lateral epicondyles in a an AP elbow

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles are in profile

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2
Q

how is the radial head in ap projection of the elbow

A

Radial head is superimposed ¼ inch

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3
Q

are the epicondyles parallel or perp in ap elbow

A

Epicondyles are parallel, include ¼ of humerus and radius/ulna

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4
Q

what is in medial profile in ap projection of the elbow

A

Radial tuberosity in medial profile

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5
Q

what is demonstrated on end in an ap elbow

A

The coronoid process is demonstrated on end

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6
Q

what should be in the same plane for the ap projection of the elbow

A

humerus, elbow, forearm

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7
Q

what opens up the joint spaces in an ap projection of the elbow

A

fully extending the arm

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8
Q

how should the hand be in a ap projection of the elbow

A

hand supinated so that medial and lateral epicondyles are in profile

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9
Q

what should you look at for the rotation of the elbow

A

look at the radial head and the epicondyles

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10
Q

if you cant get the epicondyles parallel to the IR, what is affecting it

A

if you cant get the epicondyles parallel to the IR, its the humerus affecting it

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11
Q

if you cant get the hand supinated or pronated, what would be affecting the elbow

A

if you cant get the hand supinated or pronated correctly, its going to be the hand or wrist thats going to affect the elbow

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12
Q

In the one image, there is too much of the radial head and tuberosity of the ulna, how is the hand and what type of rotation is this

A

Hand pronated and its internal rotation

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13
Q

In one of the images, there is seperation and a small amount of head and tuberosity touching but not 1/4 inch, how is the hand

A

externally rotated or turned to the lateral

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14
Q

The lower the CR how is it projecting the radial head?

A

The lower the CR, its projecting the radial head up into the capitulum, joint space being closed off

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15
Q

The farther the CR is from the joint space, is there more or less superimposition

A

The farther from the joint space the more the superimposition

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16
Q

if the central ray is proximal to the joint space, how is the capitulum projected

A

If the central ray is proximal to the joint space, then the capitulum is projected into the joint space

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17
Q

what happens to the capitulum- radial joint when the patients extends arm atleast thirty degrees

A

Closes capitulum-radial joint

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18
Q

what happens For a patient that can extend at least 30 degrees

A

Closes capitulum-radial joint
Olecranon process moves away from the fossa
Coronoid process shifts proximally

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19
Q

what happens to the olecranon process when the patients extends arm atleast thirty degrees

A

Olecranon process moves away from the fossa

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20
Q

what happens to the coronoid process when the patients extends arm atleast thirty degrees

A

Coronoid process shifts proximally

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21
Q

how should the olecranon process be when arm is extended

A

olecranon should fill fossa when extended

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22
Q

for an ap elbow, if arm cannot be fully extended how many views should be done

A

2 views

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23
Q

when arm cannont be extended, and the humerus is in contact with the ir , what does it demonstrate

A

demonstrates humerus without distortion ( distal humerus ) , keep hand supinated , dont rotate hand bc epicondyles wont be parallel to IR

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24
Q

when pt cant extend for an ap elbow, and the forearm is in contact what is being demonstrated

A

proximal forearm, joint space is open between radius head and capitulum, humerus is superimposed

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25
Q

degree of obliquity for internal oblique

A

45 degree of internal obliquity

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26
Q

how should the hand be for a internal oblique of the elbow

A

epicondyles 45 degrees and hand should be pronated

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27
Q

what is in profile in a internal oblique elbow

A

Coronoid process, the trochlear notch and the medial aspect of the trochlea are in profile

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28
Q

what articulation is open in a internal oblique of elbow

A

Trochlear-coronoid process articulation is open

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29
Q

what is superimposed over the ulna in an internal oblique elbow

A

The radial head and neck are superimposed over the ulna

30
Q

what are you mainly looking at in an internal oblique elbow

A

coronoid

31
Q

what aspect is being demonstrated in an internal oblique of the elbow

A

medial aspect

32
Q

what does pronating the hand do to the radial head and ulna

A

superimposing radial head and ulna by pronating hand bc they are crossing over-> radial head right on top of ulna

33
Q

does this describe an under or over rotation of the elbow
-the head is demonstrated lateral to the coronoid process
- radial head is not superimposed over the ulna
- hand not fully pronated

A

not obliqued enough, less than 45 degrees

34
Q

does this describe an under or over rotation of the elbow
-the radial head is anterior to the coronoid process without complete superimposition of the ulna.

A

obliquity more than 45 degrees

35
Q

what do you do for a patinet unable to extend the elbow

A

Position area of interest parallel to the IR

36
Q

which fat pad is harder to push out

A

posterior fat pad is harder to push out than anterior

37
Q

if the arm is not at a 90 degree angle for a lateral elbow, what are you doing to the anterior fat pad

A

you are distorting it

38
Q

what is the hand doing if the capitulum is posterior

A

hand elevated slightly

39
Q

if the capitulum is distal, how is the shoulder

A

elevated

40
Q

if the capitulum is distal and anterior what happened to the arm and hand

A

humerus raised, hand down

41
Q

when the capitulum is anterior , how is the hand

A

hand went lower

42
Q

what is the degree for external obliquity of the elbow

A

45 degree of external obliquity

43
Q

what is in profile for 45 degree external oblique of the elbow

A

Capitulum and radial tuberosity are in profile

44
Q

what articulation is demonstrated in an external oblique of elbow

A

Radioulnar articulation is demonstrated

45
Q

what is seen without superimposition in an external oblique of the elbow

A

The radial head, neck, and tuberosity are seen without superimposition

46
Q

what do you need to do to hand in external oblique of the elbow

A

supinate hand and rest on thumb will bring epicondyles 45 degree

47
Q

what is being demonstrated in an external oblique of the elbow

A

capitulum
- also the radial head and tuberosity

48
Q

Does this describe a over or under rotation of an elbow for the obliques
-Radial head and tuberosity are partially superimposed
-not fully extended
-looks more like an AP
-olecranon is not fully filling in fossa

A

less than 45 degrees of obliquity

49
Q

Does this describe a over or under rotation of an elbow for the obliques
-The coronoid is partially superimposed over the radial head
- radial head and tuberosity are free of superimposition
- rolled arm over so head is back on ulna
-large amt. of space between radius and ulna

A

more than 45 degrees of obliquity

50
Q

how should you position elbow for a lateral elbow

A

Flexed elbow 90°

Center ¾ inch from lateral epicondyle

51
Q

how should the epicondyles be in a lateral elbow

A

Epicondyles are perpendicular

52
Q

what should be included in a lateral elbow

A

¼ of distal forearm and humerus

Include soft tissue

Should see the fat pads

Horizontal with IR

53
Q

why is flexing the elbow in a 90 degree angle so important for lateral elbow

A

flexing elbow 90 degrees- takes the posterior fat pad and stick it back into joint space
- helps look at anterior fat pad, if not 90 degrees it will not look correct, this could make radiologist suspect fracture of radial head or neck

54
Q

most common mistake is having proximal humerus elevated (shoulder is up)
how is the capitulum, trochlea, radius and ulna

A

capitulum- more distal
trochlea- more proximal
radius- more posterior
ulna- more anterior

55
Q

when the proximal humerus is lower in the later elbow how is the capitulum, trochlea, radius, and ulna

A

capitulum- more proximal
trochlea- more distal
radius- more anterior
ulna- more posterior
capitulum follows radius

56
Q

if the wrist (distal forearm) elevated how is the capitulum, radius, trochlea, coronoid

A

capitulum- moves posterior
radius- moves proximal
trochlea- anterior
coronoid - distal

57
Q

if the wrist (distal forearm) is depressed how is the capitulum and radius

A

capitulum- moves anterior
Radius - distal

58
Q

whatever way the capitulum, how is the trochlea moving

A

whatever they way the capitulum is moving the trochlea is moving the opposite

59
Q

whatever the way the radius is moving, how is the coronoid is moving

A

whatever the way the radius is moving, the coronoid is moving the opposite

60
Q

when the radius is moving distal how is the coronoid moving

A

coronoid moving proximal

61
Q

when the capitulum is moving anterior how is the trochlea moving

A

when the capitulum is moving anterior, trochlea moving posterior

62
Q

when the capitulum is more anterior what should you do to hand , how is the trochlea, radial head, and coronoid

A
  • drop hand down
    -capitulum anterior
    -trochlea post.
    -radial head distal
    -coronoid proximal
63
Q

Radial head is positioned too far posteriorly on the coronoid process
- how is the distal capitulum

A

Distal capitulum surface demonstrated too far distal to the distal surface of the medial trochlea

64
Q

The radial head is positioned too far anteriorly on the coronoid process

  • how is the distal capitulum
A

Distal capitulum surface is demonstrated too far proximal to the distal medial trochlear surface

65
Q

Elevated proximal Humerus: how is the capitulum and radius

A

Capitulum moves distal and radius moves posterior

66
Q

Depressed proximal Humerus: how is the capitulum and radius

A

Capitulum moves proximal and radius moves anterior

67
Q

If the wrist (distal forearm) elevated:
how is the capitulum and radius

A

Capitulum moves posterior and radius moves proximal

68
Q

If the wrist (distal forearm) is depressed: how is the capitulum and radius

A

Capitulum moves anterior and radius moves distal

69
Q

for the coyle method , how is the radial head demonstrated

A

45 degree angle towards shoulder (head)
needs to be at 90 degree

70
Q

for coyle method, how is the coronoid demonstarted

A

bring arm back 80 degrees
angle down (will push radius down)

71
Q

criteria for coyle method

A

Position the patient for a lateral elbow

Angle the central ray 45° towards the shoulder

Separates the capitulum and trochlea of the distal humerus

It positions the radial head anterior to the coronoid process

Capitulum-radial joint is open

This is used when a radial head fracture or a fracture of the capitulum is suspected

Image Analysis (7 decks)

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