Toddlerhood Flashcards
cognitive development, physical development and social and emotional development
Does physical growth slow down or speed up during toddlerhood?
During the second and third years of life, physical growth slows down from its blazing pace of the first year, but it remains more rapid than it will be at any later time of life.
Risk of not growing (body) or cognitively in developed countries because of lack of nutrition once start on food
Stunting
kwashiorkor disease
severe protein deficiency leads to a range of symptoms such as lethargy, skin lesions and thinning hair. Improved protein can relieve symptoms but damage can’t be repaired.
The most crucial micronutrient deficiency worldwide
Iodine
Lack of iodine in young children..
In young children, a lack of iodine inhibits cognitive development, resulting in an estimated IQ (intelligence quotient) deficiency of 10–15 points
Brain development (growth) in toddlerhood
Brain continues rapid growth through toddlerhood
What happens to synapses during brain development in toddlerhood
no production of new brain cells but an increase in synaptic density (increase in neural connections)
when is peak production of new synapses is reached in frontal lobes in toddlerhood
3 years of age
When peak production of synapses is reached in frontal lobes during toddlerhood what are the qualities obtained?
reasoning, planning and creativity
synaptic pruning
In synaptic pruning, the connections between neurons become fewer but more efficient, with the synapses that are used becoming more developed, while unused synapses wither away
What is possible through synaptic pruning?
Brain plasticity. If synapses could only form once, learning could not be impacted by children’s new experiences
EEG (electroencephalogram)
Measures electrical brain activity
What allows researches to measure brain activity of a toddler through EEG
synaptic firing
fMIR (functional magnetic resonance imaging),
Requires a person to last still inside a machine that uses a magnetic field to record changes in blood flow and oxygen use in the brain in response to different types of stimulation such as music
what can fMRI do that EEG can not?
fMRI can detect activity in any part of the brain not just the cerebral cortex
Why do toddlers wake during the night?
Teething and they are more aware of being alone at night than infants
In traditional cultures, how long do infants sleep with their mothers
until todderlhood
what dramatic changes happen regarding motor development with toddlers
start walking, running, climbing and jumping
What fine motor skills do toddlers achieve?
place small object into larger object and hold cups or build blocks
Where does the word toddler originate from
when children first begin to walk – spread feet apart and take small stiff leg steps shifting weight from one leg to other
what can toddlers achieve at 12 months of age?
right or left hand preferecne
Why do toddlers in traditional cultures allowed slightly more mobility?
they are not held as much
Garret is approaching toddlerhood, in the next year he should be able to?
hold a cup and scribble with crayons
when do toddlers show readiness of toilet training?
24 months of age