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1
Q

Cardiac causes of clubbing

A

Cyanotic heart disease

Infective endocarditis

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2
Q

Endocarditis signs

A

Splinter haemorrhages
Osler’s nodes
Janeway lesions
Clubbing

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3
Q

Xanthomas

A

High cholesterol

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4
Q

Radio-radial delay

A

Aortic coarction

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5
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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6
Q

Corneal arcus

A

High cholesterol

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7
Q

Xanthelasma

A

High cholesterol

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8
Q

Kayser-Fleischer rings

A

Wilson’s disease

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9
Q

Malar flush

A

Mitral stenosis

SLE

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10
Q

Visible carotid pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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11
Q

Signs of aortic regurg

A

Collapsing pulse

Visible carotid pulse

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12
Q

Raised JVP

A

RHF
Tricuspid regurg
Constrictive pericarditis

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13
Q

Pitting oedema cardiac

A

RHF

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14
Q

Signs of RHF

A

Raised JVP
Pitting oedema
Basal crepitations

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15
Q

Parasternal heave

A

RV hypertrophy

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16
Q

GI causes of clubbing

A

IBD
Coeliac
GI lymphoma
Malabsorption

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17
Q

Koilonychia

A

Iron deficiency

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18
Q

Leukonychia

A

Hypoalbuminaemia in liver cirrhosis

Nephrotic syndrome

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19
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Chronic liver disease

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20
Q

Palmar erythema

A

Chronic liver disease

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21
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

IBD

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22
Q

Macroglossia

A

B12 deficiency

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23
Q

Angular stomatitis

A

IDA

B12/folate deficiency

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24
Q

Brown freckles in mouth

A

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

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25
Q

Oral candidiasis

A

HIV

DM

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26
Q

Excoriations

A

Bile salt accumulation (obstructive jaundice)

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27
Q

Needle track marks

A

Viral hepatitis

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28
Q

Bruising

A

Liver disease

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29
Q

Virchow’s node

A

Gastric cancer

30
Q

Spider naevi (>5)

A

Increased oestrogen in cirrhosis, liver disease

31
Q

Gynaecomastia

A

Liver disease

32
Q

Alopecia

A

Liver disease

33
Q

Distension

A 
Fat
Foetus
Flatus
Faeces
Fluid
Fulminant tumours
34
Q

Caput medusae

A

Liver disease

35
Q

Pitting oedema abdo

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

36
Q

Complete abdo exam

A

Examine for hernias
Examine the external genitalia
DRE

37
Q

LIF stoma

A

Colostomy

Abdominoperineal resection - removal of rectum in large rectal Ca

38
Q

RIF stoma

A

Ileostomy - spouted so enzymes don’t touch skin
Liquid faeces
Small bowel
UC/FAP

Urostomy - flush with skin
Urine
Ileal conduit
Cystectomy - bladder Ca

39
Q

Resp causes of clubbing

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
CF
Bronchiectasis
Cancer

40
Q

Signs of CO2 retention

A

Asterixis

Plethoric face

41
Q

Shoulder abduction

42
Q

Shoulder adduction

43
Q

Elbow flexion

44
Q

Elbow extension

45
Q

Wrist flexion

A

C7-8 + ulnar

46
Q

Wrist extension

A

C6 + radial

47
Q

Digit abduction

A

ulnar n (T1)

48
Q

Digit adduction

A

C8, T1, ulnar

49
Q

Palmar grip (squeeze fingers)

A

C7-8, median, ulnar

50
Q

Pincer grip (OK sign)

A

Median + ulnar nerves (C8, T1)

51
Q

MRC scale

A 
0 = none
1 = fasciculation
2 = move without gravity
3 = move against gravity
4 = move against gravity + resistance
5 = normal
52
Q

Biceps reflex

53
Q

Brachioradialis reflex

54
Q

Triceps reflex

55
Q

Tuning fork for UL exam

56
Q

Tuning fork for CN exam

57
Q

Dysdiadokinesia

A

Cerebellar lesion

58
Q

Dysmetria

A

Cerebellar pathology

59
Q

Pronator drift

A

UMN lesion

60
Q

Hip flexion

A

L2-3, femoral

61
Q

Hip extension

A

L4-5, inferior gluteal + sciatic

62
Q

Knee extension

A

L3-4, femoral

63
Q

Knee flexion

A

L5, S1, sciatic

64
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

L4-5, deep peroneal

65
Q

Plantar flexion

A

S1-2, tibial

66
Q

Patellar reflex

67
Q

Calcaneal

68
Q

Plantar reflex

A

L5, S1-2

Babinski’s sign = dorsiflexion - UMN

69
Q

Green nipple discharge

A

Duct ectasia

70
Q

Yellow nipple discharge

A

Duct papilloma

71
Q

Bloody nipple discharge

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Y3 (20 decks)

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