Tobira Chapter 1 Grammar とびら第一課文法

Question 1

be made out of

1. his plate is made of plastic, and this cup is made of paper.

Answer 1

名詞・でできる

１．この皿はプラスチックで、そして、このコップは紙でできている。

Question 2

be made from

(Indicates that materials from which something is made is not immediately obvious)

1. cheese and yogurt are made from milk

Answer 2

名詞・からできる

１．チーズやヨーグルトは牛乳からできます

Question 3

converts a noun to an adjective

1. How much does this luggage weigh?
2. The height of Mount Fuji is 3,776 meters.

Answer 3

ナ・イ　形容詞＋さ

１．この荷物の重さは何キロくらいでしょうか？
2．富士山の高さは3,776メートルです。

The suffix さ is attached to the stem of an i-adjective or a na-adjective to form a noun. The typical effect is the addition of this suffix “-ness,” as in “niceness” or “-ty,” as in “rarity.”

Question 4

Used when (1.) X resembles Y, (2.) when X is as Y shows, says explains or (3.) when X does something as show/said/ explained by Y.

1. You can see that this looks like chocolate, but it is an eraser, so you can’t eat it.
2. As you can see if you look at these photos, there are various famous locations in London.
3. The voice of a small cat sounds like a crying baby.

Answer 4

名詞の／動詞ーplain・ように

1. これはチョコレートのように見えるけれど、消しゴムだから、食べられませんよ。
2. この写真を見れば分かるように、ロンドンには、色々な名所がある。
3. 小さい猫の声は、赤ちゃんが泣いているように聞こえます。

Question 5

X is famous for a N.

1. Egypt is famous for pyramids and the sphinx.

Answer 5

～はNで有名です

1. エジプトはピラミッドやスフィンクスで有名です。

Question 6

X is known for S(Sentence/statement)

1. Bears are known to hibernate, but do zoo bears also hibernate?

Answer 6

～はSことで知られている。

1. 熊は冬眠することで知られていますが、動物園の熊も冬眠をしますか？

Question 7

and (replacement for te-form in written language used for adjectives. ～て form is used when speaking.)

1. In this region, there is a lot of snow in the winter, and the summers are very hot.

Answer 7

形容詞ーstem＋く～

1. この地方は冬は雪が多く、夏はとても暑い。

Question 8

and (replacement for te-form in written language used for masu- verbs. ～て form is used when speaking. )

1. Yesterday I ate lunch at a restaurant with friends, and after that we went to see a movie.

Answer 8

動詞ーmasu

1. 昨日は友達とレストランで晩御飯を食べ、その後、映画を見にいた。

Question 9

There are times when ～ ; sometimes. Also implies that something else may also occur.

1. I usually go home to my parent’s house on weekends, but there are times when I get busy and can’t go home.

Answer 9

動詞－Plain.no-past　こともある

1. 週末はたいてい両親の家に帰るが、忙しくて帰られないこともある。

Question 10

There are times when ～ ; sometimes

1. Sometimes I don’t understand the grammar explanation even though I read it.

Answer 10

動詞－Plain.no-past　ことがある

1. 文法の説明を読んでも分からないことがある.

Question 11

Question wordかはNによって違う。

This structure is used to indicate that something differs depending on the situation, location, time, etc.

1. The approximate blooming time for Sakura, beloved by the Japanese, differs depending on location

Answer 11

Question wordかはNによって違う。

1. 日本人が大好きな桜の花がいつ頃咲くかは、場所によって違います。

Question 12

NかはN2によって違う。

This structure is used to indicate that something differs depending on the situation, location, time, etc.

1. Character differs depending on the person.

Answer 12

NかはN2によって違う。

1. 性格(character)は人によって違います。

Question 13

ーかどうかは、N2による。
Whether ー or not depends on N2.

This structure is used to indicate that something differs depending on the situation, location, time, etc.

1. To me, whether I find a book difficult or not depends on the “numerousness” of the kanji.

Answer 13

ーかどうかは、N2による。
Whether ー or not depends on N2.

1. 私にとって、読み物が難しいかどうかは、漢字の多さによります。

Question 14

begin to; begin V-ing

1. When it turns November in this region, snow begins to fall.

Answer 14

V-masu　始める

1. この地方では、１１月になると雪が降り始めます。