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NMSP Exam 1 > Tobacco, Vaping, Marijuana, CBD - Wolff > Flashcards

Tobacco, Vaping, Marijuana, CBD - Wolff Flashcards

1
Q

what is the brain region that drives executive function?

A

prefrontal cortex

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2
Q

how does nicotine interfere with maturation of the prefrontal cortex?

A

it impairs neuroplasticity (the ability of the brain to change continuously throughout a person’s life)

leads to alterations in:

  • gene expression
  • cell structure
  • intracellular signaling
  • synaptic pruning (removing redundant connections)
  • axon myelination
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3
Q

nicotine administration in adolescent rats causes what?

A

long-term cognitive impairment

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4
Q

brain function studies of adolescent smokers shows decreased activity in what part of the brain?

A

prefrontal cortex, including decreased memory and attention

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5
Q

what patterns of illness have been linked to vaping?

A

heterogeneous collection of pneumonitis:

  • acute eosinophilic pneumonia
  • organizing pneumonia
  • lipoid pneumonia
  • ARDS
  • diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
  • hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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6
Q

what is the danger with aerosolizing oils?

A

it allows them to penetrate deep in to the lungs and coat the surfaces, creating a thin layer of oil that extracts/accumulates toxins and particles from inspired air based on their oil-water partition

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7
Q

what are the two main chemicals in marijuana?

A
  • 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

- cannabidiol (CBD)

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8
Q

endocannabinoids are produced on demand in post-synaptic neurons by stimuli that result in what?

A

elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels -> activation of diacylglycerol lipase (DAG-lipase)

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9
Q

synthesized endocannabinoids then diffuse into the synaptic space, travel in a retrograde manner, and bind to what?

A
  • *CB1 receptors** on presynaptic neurons
  • anandamine (partial agonist)
  • 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG, full agonist)
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10
Q

what are the enzymes that hydrolyze endocannabinoids?

A
  • FAAH found in principally in POSTsynaptic cells breaks down anandamine
    • MAG-lipase breaks down 2-AG in PREsynaptic cells
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11
Q

what is synthetic THC called?

A

dronabinol

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12
Q

analgesia, appetite enhancement, muscle relaxation and hormonal actions are mediated by which cannabinoid receptors?

A

CB1

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13
Q

what are the 4 categories that psychologic effects are divided into?

A
  1. affective: euphoria, easy laughter
  2. sensory: increased perception of external stimuli
  3. somatic: feeling of body floating of sinking in bed
  4. cognitive: altered time perception, memory lapses
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14
Q

what are the labeled indications for dronabinol?

A

anorexia in AIDS patients, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

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15
Q

what is the name of the THC capsule approved for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting?

A

nabilone

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16
Q

what are the conditions for which cannabis lacks efficacy?

A
  • acute pain
  • tremor in MS
  • Huntington’s disease
  • glaucoma
  • schizophrenia
  • depression
  • slowing cancer cell growth
17
Q

what are the contraindications for cannabis?

A
  • hx of psychosis
  • current or past substance
  • CV or respiratory disease
18
Q

what are the cautions for cannabis?

A
  • age <25
  • active mood disorders
  • risk factors for CV disease
  • ongoing use of high doses of alcohol or benzodiazepines
19
Q

this naturally occuring (-) enantiomer is generally administered orally, but has poor aqueous solubility and a significant first pass metabolism (extensively metabolized by 7 CYP’s)

A

CBD
- like THC, it rapidly distributes, has high volume of distribution, and accumulates in adipose tissue d/t high lipophilicity

20
Q
  • generally well tolerated
  • does not produce phychoactive effects that are typically seen with THC
  • has not been shown to have potential for abuse
  • tolerance and withdrawal have not been reported
A

CBD

21
Q
  • no effect on embryonic development
  • no effect on a wide range of physiological and biochemical parameters
  • some potential for association with drug interactions
A

CBD

22
Q

what two syndromes/studies have shown BCD to be useful?

A
  • Dravet syndrome (childhood myoclonic seizures, triggered by warm baths)
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (childhood onset, daily tonic seizures during non-REM sleep)
23
Q

what are the other therapeutic CBD applications?

A
  • Alzheimer disease
  • nausea and vomiting
  • pain
  • Fragile X syndrome
  • skin diseases
  • cancer
  • CBD tampons
  • ADHD
  • anxiety/depression
  • schizophrenia

NMSP Exam 1 (19 decks)

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