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NMSP Exam 1 > Alcohol, Caffeine, Drugs of Abuse - Iszard > Flashcards

Alcohol, Caffeine, Drugs of Abuse - Iszard Flashcards

1
Q

the signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person

A

abstinence syndrome

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2
Q

compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health, formerly termed psychological dependence

A

addiction

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3
Q

a drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on governmental schedules

A

controlled substances

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4
Q

a state characterized by signs and symptoms, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered

A

dependence

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5
Q

a synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure, but no major change in pharmacodynamic action

A

designer drug

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6
Q

a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect
- dose-response curve shifts to the right (relative effect decreases)

A

tolerance

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7
Q

an increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug
- dose-response curve shifts to the left (relative effect increases)

A

sensitization

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8
Q

adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated
- is the evidence of physical dependence

A

withdrawal

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9
Q

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- flunitrazepam, heroin, LSD, mescaline, PCP, MDA, MDMA, STP

A

schedule 1

- no medical use, high addiction potential

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10
Q

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, short acting barbiturates, strong opioids

A

schedule 2

- medical use, high addiction potential

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11
Q

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- anabolic steroids, barbiturates, dronabinol, ketamine, moderate opioid agonists

A

schedule 3

- medical use, moderate abuse potential

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12
Q

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, mild stimulants, most hypnotics, weak opioids

A

schedule 4

- medical use, low abuse potential

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13
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 1 hour after each serving
  • other sx: odor on breath, slurred speech, lack of coordination
A

alcohol

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14
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 20 mins
  • other sx: odor on breath/clothes, stained fingers/teeth
A

tobacco

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15
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 2-4 hrs
  • other sx: red eyes, odor on breath/clothes, eyelid tremors, increased appetite
A

marijuana

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16
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 5 mins- 8 hrs
  • other sx: odor or residue on mouth/clothes, nausea, headache, disoriented
A

inhalants

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17
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 1-16 hrs
  • other sx: jittery, talkative, runny nose, dry mouth
A

stimulants

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18
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 1-16 hrs
  • other sx: disoriented, drowsy, slow/slurred speech
A

depressants

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19
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 5 mins - 12 hrs
  • other sx: spacey, hallucinations, paranoia, memory loss, uncoordinated
A

hallucinogens

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20
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 4-24 hrs
  • other sx: sleepiness, droopy eyelids, soft/low voice, euphoria
A

narcotics

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21
Q

what drug?

  • duration of sx: 4-6 hrs
  • other sx: cofused, aggressive, sweaty, repetitive
A

PCP

22
Q

what are the most commonly abused painkillers?

A

fentanyl
hydrocodone
oxycodone

23
Q

what are the most commonly abused depressants?

A

alprazolam
zolpidem
zalepion

24
Q

what are the most commonly abused stimulants?

A

adderal

methylphenidate

25
Q

overdose effects of what drug?

- agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death

A

amphetamines, methylphenidate, cocaine

26
Q

overdose effects of what drug?
- slurred speech, drunken behavior, dilated pupils

withdrawal effects:
- anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremors, seizures, death

A

barbiturates, benzodiazepine, ethanol

27
Q

overdose effects of what drug?

- constricted pupils, drowsiness, respiratory depression, death

A

heroin, other strong opioids

28
Q

what opioid receptor antagonists are used to treat dependence/addiction?

A
  • naloxone (narcan)

- naltrenone

29
Q

what synthetic opioid is used to treat dependence/addiction?

A

methadone

30
Q

what partial u-opioid receptor agonist is used to treat dependence/addiction?

A

buprenorphine

31
Q

what nicotinic receptor partial agonist is used to treat dependence/addiction?

A

varenicline (chantix)

32
Q

what benzodiazepines are used to treat dependence/addiction?

A
  • oxazepam

- lorazepam

33
Q

what NMDA receptor antagonist is used to treat alcohol withdrawal?

A

acamprosate

34
Q

what drug is the most commonly used to improve mental alertness

  • used to treat migraines and headaches after epidural anesthesia
  • used to treat asthma, ADHD, memory
A

caffeine

35
Q

what enzyme converts alcohol -> acetaldehyde?

A

alcohol DH (converts both ethanol and methanol)

36
Q

what enzyme converts acetaldehyde -> acetic acid?

A

acetaldehyde DH

37
Q

what are the zero-order kinetics of alcohol metabolism?

A
  • rate remains constant and is independent of concentration/amount of chemical
38
Q

what is the rate-limiting factor of alcohol metabolism?

A

the biological system (the body)

39
Q

why does alcohol not have a true half life?

A

because its half life increases with dose

40
Q

what is the first line treatment for methanol poisoning?

A

ethanol KNOW this

41
Q

what inhibits alcohol DH?

A

fomepizole

42
Q

what inhibits acetaldehyde DH?

A

disulfram

43
Q

what can be given to treat hypoglycemia and ketosis in acute alcohol intoxication?

A

glucose

44
Q

what should always be given first to a patient of acute alcohol intoxication to protect against Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

thiamine

45
Q

what is given to a patient with acute withdrawal syndrome, to prevent seizures, delirium, and arrhythmias

A

benzodiazepines

46
Q

which drugs are used for the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A
  1. diazepam (valium)
  2. lorazepam (ativan)
  3. oxazepam
  4. thiamine (B1)
47
Q

which drugs are used to prevent alcohol abuse?

A
  1. acamprosate
  2. disulfiram (antabuse)
  3. naltrexone
48
Q

which drugs are used for the treatment of acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?

A
  1. ethanol

2. fomepizole

49
Q

what is the MOA of naltrexone?

A

u-opioid receptor antagonist (long-acting)

  • reduces the craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse to either drinking or alcohol dependence for the short term (12 weeks)
  • pts physically dependent on alcohol and opioids must be OPIOID FREE before initiating therapy
50
Q

what is the MOA of acamprosate?

A

weak NMDA-receptor antagonist and GABA-a receptor agonist

51
Q

what is the MOA of disulfiram?

A

irreversibly inhibits aldehyde DH and causes extreme discomfort in pts who drink alcoholic beverages (flushing, throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, confusion d/t accumulation of aldehyde

NOTE: antidote for methanol poisoning (windshield washer fluid, antifreeze = ethylene glycol)

NMSP Exam 1 (19 decks)

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