Alcohol, Caffeine, Drugs of Abuse - Iszard

Question 1

the signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person

Answer 1

abstinence syndrome

Question 2

compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health, formerly termed psychological dependence

Answer 2

addiction

Question 3

a drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on governmental schedules

Answer 3

controlled substances

Question 4

a state characterized by signs and symptoms, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered

Answer 4

dependence

Question 5

a synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure, but no major change in pharmacodynamic action

Answer 5

designer drug

Question 6

a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect
- dose-response curve shifts to the right (relative effect decreases)

Answer 6

tolerance

Question 7

an increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug
- dose-response curve shifts to the left (relative effect increases)

Answer 7

sensitization

Question 8

adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated
- is the evidence of physical dependence

Answer 8

withdrawal

Question 9

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- flunitrazepam, heroin, LSD, mescaline, PCP, MDA, MDMA, STP

Answer 9

schedule 1

- no medical use, high addiction potential

Question 10

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, short acting barbiturates, strong opioids

Answer 10

schedule 2

- medical use, high addiction potential

Question 11

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- anabolic steroids, barbiturates, dronabinol, ketamine, moderate opioid agonists

Answer 11

schedule 3

- medical use, moderate abuse potential

Question 12

these drugs are examples of what schedule level:

- benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, mild stimulants, most hypnotics, weak opioids

Answer 12

schedule 4

- medical use, low abuse potential

Question 13

what drug?

• duration of sx: 1 hour after each serving
• other sx: odor on breath, slurred speech, lack of coordination

Answer 13

alcohol

Question 14

what drug?

• duration of sx: 20 mins
• other sx: odor on breath/clothes, stained fingers/teeth

Answer 14

tobacco

Question 15

what drug?

• duration of sx: 2-4 hrs
• other sx: red eyes, odor on breath/clothes, eyelid tremors, increased appetite

Answer 15

marijuana

Question 16

what drug?

• duration of sx: 5 mins- 8 hrs
• other sx: odor or residue on mouth/clothes, nausea, headache, disoriented

Answer 16

inhalants

Question 17

what drug?

• duration of sx: 1-16 hrs
• other sx: jittery, talkative, runny nose, dry mouth

Answer 17

stimulants

Question 18

what drug?

• duration of sx: 1-16 hrs
• other sx: disoriented, drowsy, slow/slurred speech

Answer 18

depressants

Question 19

what drug?

• duration of sx: 5 mins - 12 hrs
• other sx: spacey, hallucinations, paranoia, memory loss, uncoordinated

Answer 19

hallucinogens

Question 20

what drug?

• duration of sx: 4-24 hrs
• other sx: sleepiness, droopy eyelids, soft/low voice, euphoria

Answer 20

narcotics

Question 21

what drug?

• duration of sx: 4-6 hrs
• other sx: cofused, aggressive, sweaty, repetitive

Answer 21

PCP

Question 22

what are the most commonly abused painkillers?

Answer 22

fentanyl
hydrocodone
oxycodone

Question 23

what are the most commonly abused depressants?

Answer 23

alprazolam
zolpidem
zalepion

Question 24

what are the most commonly abused stimulants?

Answer 24

adderal

methylphenidate

Question 25

overdose effects of what drug? | - agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death

Answer 25

amphetamines, methylphenidate, cocaine

Question 26

overdose effects of what drug? - slurred speech, drunken behavior, dilated pupils withdrawal effects: - anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremors, seizures, death

Answer 26

barbiturates, benzodiazepine, ethanol

Question 27

overdose effects of what drug? | - constricted pupils, drowsiness, respiratory depression, death

Answer 27

heroin, other strong opioids

Question 28

what opioid receptor antagonists are used to treat dependence/addiction?

Answer 28

- naloxone (narcan) | - naltrenone

Question 29

what synthetic opioid is used to treat dependence/addiction?

Answer 29

methadone

Question 30

what partial u-opioid receptor agonist is used to treat dependence/addiction?

Answer 30

buprenorphine

Question 31

what nicotinic receptor partial agonist is used to treat dependence/addiction?

Answer 31

varenicline (chantix)

Question 32

what benzodiazepines are used to treat dependence/addiction?

Answer 32

- oxazepam | - lorazepam

Question 33

what NMDA receptor antagonist is used to treat alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 33

acamprosate

Question 34

what drug is the most commonly used to improve mental alertness - used to treat migraines and headaches after epidural anesthesia - used to treat asthma, ADHD, memory

Answer 34

caffeine

Question 35

what enzyme converts alcohol -> acetaldehyde?

Answer 35

alcohol DH (converts both ethanol and methanol)

Question 36

what enzyme converts acetaldehyde -> acetic acid?

Answer 36

acetaldehyde DH

Question 37

what are the zero-order kinetics of alcohol metabolism?

Answer 37

- rate remains constant and is independent of concentration/amount of chemical

Question 38

what is the rate-limiting factor of alcohol metabolism?

Answer 38

the biological system (the body)

Question 39

why does alcohol not have a true half life?

Answer 39

because its half life increases with dose

Question 40

what is the first line treatment for methanol poisoning?

Answer 40

**ethanol** KNOW this

Question 41

what inhibits alcohol DH?

Answer 41

fomepizole

Question 42

what inhibits acetaldehyde DH?

Answer 42

disulfram

Question 43

what can be given to treat hypoglycemia and ketosis in acute alcohol intoxication?

Answer 43

glucose

Question 44

what should always be given first to a patient of acute alcohol intoxication to protect against Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 44

thiamine

Question 45

what is given to a patient with acute withdrawal syndrome, to prevent seizures, delirium, and arrhythmias

Answer 45

benzodiazepines

Question 46

which drugs are used for the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

Answer 46

1. diazepam (valium) 2. lorazepam (ativan) 3. oxazepam 4. thiamine (B1)

Question 47

which drugs are used to prevent alcohol abuse?

Answer 47

1. acamprosate 2. disulfiram (antabuse) 3. naltrexone

Question 48

which drugs are used for the treatment of acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 48

1. ethanol | 2. fomepizole

Question 49

what is the MOA of naltrexone?

Answer 49

u-opioid receptor antagonist (long-acting) - reduces the craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse to either drinking or alcohol dependence for the short term (12 weeks) - **pts physically dependent on alcohol and opioids must be OPIOID FREE before initiating therapy**

Question 50

what is the MOA of acamprosate?

Answer 50

weak NMDA-receptor antagonist and GABA-a receptor agonist

Question 51

what is the MOA of disulfiram?

Answer 51

irreversibly inhibits aldehyde DH and causes extreme discomfort in pts who drink alcoholic beverages (flushing, throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, confusion d/t accumulation of aldehyde NOTE: antidote for methanol poisoning (windshield washer fluid, antifreeze = ethylene glycol)