Behavioral Therapies

Question 1

behavioral therapy where learning is associated with things that take place TOGETHER in time

Answer 1

classical conditioning

Question 2

stimulus that that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response

Answer 2

unconditioned stimulus

Question 3

unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

unconditioned response

Question 4

repeated pairing of unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response and what, leads to the the conditioned response?

Answer 4

conditioned stimulus

Question 5

the conditioned response is always the same as what?

Answer 5

the unconditioned response

- in pavlov’s dog, both are the salivation

Question 6

in step 2 of classical conditioning

- UCS + CS leads to what?

Answer 6

UCR -> CR

Question 7

possible to extinguish the learned response of salivation by exposing dog to food without hearing the bell
- must be repeated many times without even once ringing the bell

Answer 7

extinction

Question 8

what is the term when other similar stimuli/situations also become the conditioned stimulus for the conditioned response?

Answer 8

generalization

Question 9

what is the generalized CS in the little Albert example

Answer 9

he hears a loud noise at the same time as seeing a rat

• the rat is the original conditioned stimulus
• but the fear of white rats grows into a fear of other white things (bunnies, white coats, santa’s beard)
• that is how phobias develop

Question 10

what can decrease anxiety according to behavioral therapy for phobia?

Answer 10

feared stimulus + relaxation

Question 11

how can classical conditioning be used to treat phobias?

Answer 11

step 1: relaxation activity (UCS) -> relaxation (UCR)
step 2: phobia (CS) + relaxation activity (UCS) -> relaxation (UCR)
step 3: object of phobia (CS) -> (CR) “unlearning”

Question 12

what is systematic desensitization?

Answer 12

behavior therapy where you make a list of hierarchy of fears

• start low on the list and use relaxation to condition until there is much less fear
• gradually move up on the list to reduce anxiety due to fears

Question 13

behavioral therapy where learning is the association of things that take place SEQUENTIALLY
- reinforcements and punishments must occur AFTER the behavior

Answer 13

operant conditioning

• positive effects are likely to increase response
• negative effects are likely to decrease response

Question 14

what does reinforcement result in?

Answer 14

increased behavior

Question 15

what does punishment result in?

Answer 15

decreased behavior

Question 16

application of good consequence when behavior is performed

1. something is added
2. behavior increases

Answer 16

positive reinforcement

getting a candy/gold star

Question 17

application of aversive consequence when behavior is performed (does not have to be painful)

1. something is added
2. behavior decreases

Answer 17

positive punishment

kids kneeling on rice

Question 18

removal of good consequence when behavior is performed

1. something is taken away
2. behavior decreases

Answer 18

negative punishment
(taking away cell phone/grounding kid/freedom taken away in jail)

Question 19

removal of aversive stimuli when behavior is performed

1. something is taken away
2. behavior increases

Answer 19

negative reinforcement

seatbelt ding stops when you click in your seatbelt