Tobacco, Vaping, Marijuana and CBD Flashcards
What are the major reasons for concern for vaping?
It is common for users to vape and smoke cigarettes.
Users may become addicted to nicotine (can harm the developing brain until approx. age 25 y/o).
What effects were seen in rats’ prefrontal cortex from nicotine?
Long-term cognitive impairment
Decreased memory and attention span
Behavioral disturbances in later life
What product(s) was acknowledged to be the cause of lung illness linked to vaping in September?
It is not likely from ________, it seems to be from ________, with onset of _________.
Cases demonstrated…
Not a single agent, but approx. 80% acknowledged the use of cannabinoid products.
Not likely from active infection, it seems to be an acute toxic lung injury with onset of a few days to weeks.
Demonstrated a heterogeneous collection of pneumonitis patterns.
What appears to be the primary cause of summer lung injuries?
Vitamin E, used to thicken THC oil
What “schedule” is medical marijuana?
Schedule 1 - makes it difficult to do research on it.
What do endocannabinoids do in the CNS overall?
Hyperpolarize neurons and decrease NT release.
What is Dronabinol?
What is its affinity/efficacy at CB1 and CB2 receptors?
What are the effects of the drug?
What are the indications?
What is the off-label use?
Orally administered synthetic d9-THC.
Affinity is the same at both receptors, but efficacy = CB1 > CB2
Analgesia, appetite enhancement, muscle relaxation and hormonal actions (mediated by CB1). Psychological effects for 4-6 hrs. -affective -sensory -somatic -cognitive
Indications: anorexia in AIDS pts., chemotherapy-induced N/V.
Off-label use: OSA
What is Nabilone?
What is the indication?
THC capsule
Chemotherapy-induced N/V
What are the minor side-effects of marijuana?
Which ones tend to be more concerning?
Affects on judgment and coordination
Sedation, bloodhsot eyes, depression, dizziness, tachy, hypotension, hallucinations, dry mouth.
Adverse effects on intelligence and mental function in younger patients with developing brains.
Use as a “gateway drug”.
5 conditions where cannabis has been proved to be effective
Chronic pain (esp. neuropathic pain)
N/V
Stimulating appetite
MS
Anxiety
Contraindications for cannabis use (3)
Cautions (4)
H/O psychosis
Current/past substance abuse disorder
CV or pulmonary disease
Age < 25 y/o
Active mood disorders
Risk factors for CVD
Ongoing use of EtOH or Benzos
CBD is a…
How is administered? How does that effect its metabolism?
Where does it accumulate?
Where is it metabolized?
Naturally occuring (-)-enantiomer
Orally and has poor aqueous solubility leading to erratic absorption.
It has a significant first-pass metabolism (oral bioavailability approx. 6%).
Adipose tissue
By the liver by 7 CYPs
What are the side-effects of CBD?
None shown, thus far (and no psychoactive effects)
What is the major indication for CBD?
What are other/minor indications?
Epilepsy
- Dravet syndrome
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Alzheimer's dz N/V Pain Fragile X Skin dzs CA ADHD Anxiety/depression Schizophrenia
