Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
What is abstinence syndrome?
The signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person.
What is a designer drug?
A synthetic derivative of a drug with a slightly modified structure, but no major change in pharmaceutical action. It allows for circumvention of Schedules of Controlled Drugs.
What is tolerance vs. sensitization?
Tolerance - a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect (rightward shift).
Sensitization - an increase in response with repetition of the same dose of a drug (leftward shift).
What are Schedules I, II, III and IV?
I - high addiction potential (heroin, LSD, PCP, MDMA).
II - high addiction potential (amphetamines, cocaine, barbituates, strong opioids).
III - moderate abuse potential (anabolic steroids, barbituates, dronabinol, ketamine).
IV - low abuse potential (benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, mild stimulants, mild hypnotics, weak opioids).
What happens to the pupils in use of marijuana, stimulants and hallucinogens vs. narcotics?
Marijuana, stimulants and hallucinogens - dilated pupils
Narcotics - constricted pupils
Barbituates of abuse (3)
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Thiopental
Benzodiazepines of abuse (6)
Midazolam Alprazolam Lorazepam Clonazepam Oxazepam Chlordiazepam
BZP antagonist of abuse (1)
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine partial agonists of abuse (3)
Zaleplon
Zolpidem
Eszopiclone
Other anxiety meds of abuse (4)
Buspirone
Hydroxyzine/diphenylhydramine
SSRIs
SNRIs/TCAs
Other insomnia drugs of abuse (2)
Ramelteon
Doxepin
Amphetamines, methylphenidate, cocaine
Overdose effects:
Withdrawal signs:
Overdose effects: agitation, HTN, tachy, hallucinations, seizures, death.
Withdrawal signs: apathy, irritability, increased sleep time, depression.
Barbituates, benzodiazepines, EtOH
Overdose effects:
Withdrawal signs:
Overdose effects: slurred speech, drunken behavior, weak/rapid pulse, clammy skin, coma, death.
Withdrawal signs: anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremors, seizures, death.
Heroin, other strong opioids
Overdose effects:
Withdrawal signs:
Overdose effects: constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, respiratory depression, coma, death.
Withdrawal signs: nausea, chills, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, tremor.
Drugs to treat dependence and addiction: Opioid Receptor Antagonist (2)
Naloxone
Naltrexone