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Chemistry Drugs > Tobacco > Flashcards

Tobacco Flashcards

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1
Q

how many deaths has smoking tobacco caused?

A

400,000

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2
Q

How many Canadians are addicted to tobacco

A

20%

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3
Q

How many people in BC smoke tobacco?

A

16%

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4
Q

How many people in quebec smoke tobacco?

A

21%

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5
Q

how many people in nunavut smoke tobacco?

A

60%

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6
Q

On Novemeber 12, 1492 _______ noticed the Natives doing something strange…

A

Columbus

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7
Q

What is the origin of tobacco?

A

trinidad and tobago

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8
Q

Main ingredient?

A

nicotine

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9
Q

Who introduced tobacco to France?

A

Jean Nicot

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10
Q

What was nicotine originally used as?

A

medicine

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11
Q

What’s a tobacco resusicator (1774)

A

for reviving people who were “apparently dead”

- used for those who drowned

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12
Q

Tobacco can be…

A

smoked

  • tobacco houses || social events
  • not inhaled! - too harsh
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13
Q

Tobacco can be…

A

Snuffed

  • popular with women
  • pushed up the nostrils
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14
Q

Tobacco can be…

A

chewed

  • popular until 1900s
  • Spitting world record: 25ft and 10”
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15
Q

Tobacco can be…

A

Cigarettes

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16
Q

La cometa

A
  • first representation of someone smoking a cigarette

- cigarettes were very expensive because they were rolled by hand

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17
Q

Crimean war: 1853-1856

A
  • Turkey

- Smoking the cigarettes was popular amongst the soldiers

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18
Q

Bonsack machine: 1880

A
  • cigarettes could be rolled mechanically now

- 2000 cigarettes/minute

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19
Q

What was the effect of the bonsack machine?

A
  • it made cigarettes cheaper

- which resulted in an increase in smoking population

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20
Q

Early 1900s how did people smoke?

A

toasted the leaves so that the smoke became less harsh

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21
Q

During WWI how did smoking companies advertise?

A

send your soldiers a pack of cigarettes

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22
Q

On December 25, 1918

A

soldiers stopped firing and started singing christmas songs together

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23
Q

Number of smokes in the late 1800s

A

50 cigarettes/year

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24
Q

Number of cigarettes sold today

A

10,000 cigarettes/year

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25
Q

What’s in a cigarette

A

4,800 chemicals
400 toxic
40 carcinogens

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26
Q

Why do people smoke?

A

in the short term… they do it for the nicotine

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27
Q

How much nicotine do you need to be addicted?

A

2mg

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28
Q

What can you substitute this nicotine to cure the addiction?

A

nicorette

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29
Q

How does nicotine work?

A

nicotine has a dual effective on the central neural system

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30
Q

At low doses, nicotine _____ the central neural system

A

STIMULATES

  • short small puff
  • activates Ach receptors
  • dopamine also involved
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31
Q

High doses of nicotine ______ the central neural system

A

DEPRESSES

  • for relaxation
  • long large puff
  • blocks Ach receptor
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32
Q

Ach receptor??

A

acetylcholine receptors

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33
Q

nicotine can also be used as a …

A

pescticide

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34
Q

Whats the lethal dose of nicotine?

A

60 mg

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35
Q

How much nicotine does a cigar have?

A

120 mg

36
Q

Why are cigars not lethal?

A

because you aren’t eating the cigar you’re only smoking it

37
Q

Who was Sigmund Freud?

A

A famous cigar smoker - died of cancer

38
Q

Is it true that smoking is closely related to lung cancer?

A

no… the actual disease that smoking causes is HEART DISEASE

39
Q

what does smoking do to you?

A
  • decreased oxygen uptake
  • increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • increased arterial wall injuries
  • increased blood clotting
40
Q

Who was Lou Gerrig

A

a smoker and an athlete

41
Q

Nicotine

A

increases heart rate

42
Q

CO

A

decreases O2 saturation -> feel short of breath

43
Q

Facial expressions during smoking?

A

deeper wrinkles

44
Q

what else causes more wrinkles?

A

narrower/clogged arteries

45
Q

Alton Ochsner - 1919

A

first noticed the effects of tobacco on lung disesase

46
Q

___ cancer is the #1 killer in men and women

A

Lung

47
Q

Death rate due to lung cancer for men is…

A

decreasing

48
Q

death rate due to lunch cancer for women is…

A

increasing

49
Q

When did women mostly start smoking?

A

in the 30s

50
Q

why did women start smoking more?

A

due to a conference held by phillip morris teaching women how to smoke

51
Q

back then how many deaths due to smoking?

A

400

52
Q

now: how many deaths are due to smoking?

A

150,000 cases

53
Q

Why do women smoke?

A
  • keep the weight down

- popular with models

54
Q

why does smoking relate to losing weight?

A
  • food doesn’t look as good when you smoke
  • your tastebuds are destroyed by smoking
  • nicotine affects your metablic rate
  • smoking increases metabolic rate
55
Q

Second hand smoking is

A

inhaled, passive smoking

56
Q

1999 June QC legislation

A

banned smoking in public areas

57
Q

2006 June QC legislation

A

banned smoking in bars and restuarants

58
Q

elimination of designated smoking rooms

A

Quebec 2008

59
Q

culture of smoking died after what?

A

increase in prices of cigarettes

60
Q

Light cigarette

A

different filter, maybe with lower nicotine/tar

- smokers just smoke more of it thought so it has the same effect

61
Q

how much is spent on advertising?

A

$6 billion/year

62
Q

Smokers aged 15-19 in Canada

A

14%

63
Q

somkers aged 15-19 in Quebec

A

20%

64
Q

1994: CEOs of tobacco companies testified that nicotine was…

A

not addicitve

65
Q

In 1998 US states sued tobacco companies for medical expenses, they were forced to pay…

A

$204 billion over 25 years

66
Q

Quebec sued the highest amount for medical expenses. how much?

A

$60 billion

67
Q

in 1988 canada put a ban on..

A

smoking ads - companies had to show warning signs

68
Q

the 1988 law was lifted in

A

1995, but hazard signs were still required

69
Q

in 1997: bill C74

A

limited adverisiting, promotion, sponsorhip for tobacco companies

70
Q

despite all of these laws, tobacco companies still made a profit. how?

A

smokers were displaced - CHINA

71
Q

How many canadians die every year because of tobacco?

A

40,000

72
Q

Does tobacco kill more than AIDS, alcohol, cocaine, hoicide and suicide combined per year?

A

yeah

73
Q

how much nicotine does the nicorette table contan

A

2mg… which is the same as a cigarette so basically the same addictive level just without the smoke

74
Q

what percent of our population today are smokers?

A

20%

75
Q

how people in China smoke?

A

350 million smokers

76
Q

Is a hookah safer?

A

no because you’re just inhaling more smoke

77
Q

how does an e-cigarette work?

A
  • no nicotine
  • warms up different substances
  • its just to cure that need of having something in your hand
  • not really effective
78
Q

How to quit:

A

zyban can help

79
Q

whats zyban

A

an antidepressant that may help with quitting smoking

80
Q

side effect of zyban

A

can cause heart arrythmia

81
Q

what definitely works during the process of quitting?

A

nicorette gum: 2-4 mg of nicotine

nicotine patch slow release

82
Q

how much does a nicotine patch slow release release?

A

23 mg over 24 hrs

83
Q

things that don’t work

A

SNUS: powder put under tongue/upper lip

84
Q

things that don’t work

A

laser therapy

85
Q

things that don’t work

A

acupuncture

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