Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Drugs > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are hormones?

A

chemical messengers in the blood, secreted by endocrine organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hormones are tightly regulated - this means that

A

small imbalances can cause abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

John Hunter: 1728 - 1793

A

when roosters are castrated the comb collapses - he put testes back into the body, and the comb became erect again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arnold Berthold: 1849

A
  • reproduced hunter’s experiment in a more ‘scientific’ way
  • took a fully severed testicle and put it back into the body cavity
  • rooster showed normal sexual behaviour and comb development
  • thought: maybe testes release something into the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thomas Addison: 1855

A

noticed how people who had atrophied adrenal glands also had poor appetites and low blood pressure, weakness, anemia, and bronzed skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dolanski: 1849

A
  • asked: How do organs know that food had been ingested and to therefore release digestive juices?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dolanski’s hypothesis

A

maybe the level of acidity increased after eating food - this increase would cause a message to be sent to the pancreas and the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dolanski’s experiment

A

injected acid into the rectum of the dog - thought it would be absorbed into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dolanski’s results

A

no flow of digestive juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Charles Brown - Sequard: 1889

A
  • self injected with macerated dog testicles to try and feel young again and apparently it worked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Charles brown repeated his experiment with…

A

monkey gland extracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brown introduced

A

“hormone therapy”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Napolean Cybulski: 1895

A
  • obtained adrenal gland extract (including adrenalin)

- injected it to people to increase their blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Serge Voronff

A
  • human testicle extract would be better

- took the testes of executed criminals and proved that it helps older men feel youthful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle mocked all of these guys and wrote the book

A

“the adventure of the creeping man”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

John Romulus Brinkley capitalized whose idea?

A

Sequard’s idea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brinkley grew a farm of …

A

horny goats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

he carried out ____ procedures in which he implanted the goat testes into humans

A

over 1,700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In 1895 it was discovered that ____ _____ could be injected to raise blood pressure

A

adrenalin extract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ernest Starling - 1902

A

had the same question as dolanski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Starling’s hypothesis

A

maybe the message is relesased by the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Starling’s experiment

A
  1. fed food to a dog
  2. removed a small piece of the duodenum
  3. macerated the duodenum
  4. injected it into another dog’s blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Starling’s results

A

digestive juices were immediately released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The substance that is released by the duodenum after eating food is…

A

secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pituitary gland is the

A

master endocrine gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pituitary gland recieves input from the …

A

hypothalamus and other systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pituitary gland secretes how much per day of hormones?

A

1 ug/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where is the pituitary gland located?

A

in the brain below the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the pituitary gland is known as the

A

conductor of hormonal orchestra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

prolactin

A

tells breasts to produce milk after giving birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

somatotripon

A

growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

adrenocoritoctropic hormone (ACTH)

A

stimulates adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

follice stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

thyrotropin stimulating hormone

A

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

excess amount of Somatrotripon

A

usually caused by a tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Daniel Redman experiment

A

injected human growth homrone into elderly men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Redman results

A
  • increase in muscle and other lean tissue
  • decrease in fatty tissue
  • increase n skin thickness
  • increase in the average denstiy of lower-back verebrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Redman’s experiment acused

A
  • increase in blood pressure
  • plasma glucose increase
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • breast enlargment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where there measurable improvements in muscle function or physical performance

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

where was an improvement in muscle-fat distribution?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

do we have a hGH (human growth hormone)

A

nope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what time of hormone is the hGH

A

protein hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Secretagogue is a

A

mixture of acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

how does the secretagogue work?

A

causes the body to secrete more hGH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

analogy for secretagogue

A

taking a truckload of windows and doors and seeing if they’ll assemble and make themselves into a building

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

gigantism is due to the overproduction of..

A

growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Bovine somatotropin is also known as

A

bovine growth hormone (bgh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

which land is bgh secreted by?

A

pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

bgh can increase milk yield by …

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

porcin somatotropin is..

A

the same thing but for pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Thyroid gland controls the

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

your metabolism is the …

A

sum of all the chemical reactions going on in the body all the time (SO MANY)

53
Q

the thyroid gland secretes hormones that control …

A

the rate of chemical reactions

54
Q

Hypothyroidism is when the thyoid gland is…

A

underactive

55
Q

where is the thyroid gland located?

A

in the neck

56
Q

results of hypothyroidism

A
  • sluggishness
  • slow heart rate
  • tendency to obseity
  • cold skin
57
Q

what does the thyroid gland try and do?

A

increase the production of hormones

58
Q

why is it sluggish?

A

lack of iodine in the diet

59
Q

Cretinism

A

both physically and mentally impaired

60
Q

cretinism is due to a…

A

lack of iodine in the mother during pregancy

61
Q

hyperthyroidism is the

A

overproduction of thyroid hormones

62
Q

hyperthyroidism causes

A
  • thyroid tumour
  • excess iodine
  • anxiety
  • nervoussness
  • rapid pulse
  • fatiuge
  • weight loss
  • GRAVES diseaese
63
Q

Graves disease

A
  • petruding eyes
  • anxiety
  • nervousness
  • rapid pulse
  • fatiuge
  • rapid weight loss
64
Q

Treatment of Graves disease

A
  • methimazole: blocks thyroid hormone formation
65
Q

Treatment of Graves disease

A

radioactive iodine: I131 destroys small part of thyroid

66
Q

Treatment of Graves disease

A

surgery

67
Q

Treatment of Graves disease

A

replacement therapy with synthroid - contains thyroid hormone - if thyroid hormone decreases too much

68
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

4 glands embedded in the thyroid gland - releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)

69
Q

together with the _____ they regulate the calcium and phosphorous metabolism

A

thyroid

70
Q

our bones are…

A

dynamic not static

71
Q

what is the main component of bone from our food?

A

calcium

72
Q

the calcium goes into the …

A

intenstine –> plasma –> plasma calcium circulates

73
Q

what vitamin is needed before plasma calcium can be absorbed?

A

vitamin D

74
Q

calcitonin sends the message to…

A

take calcium circulating in the plasma and build structures with it/build the bones

75
Q

what makes the adrenals?

A

ACTH

76
Q

corticosteroids protect the body from ..

A

infection, excretion, and allergic reactions

77
Q

the outer layer of the adrenal gland is called the

A

cortex

78
Q

what does the cortex secrete?

A
  • corticosteroids

- aldosterone, glucocorticoids androgens

79
Q

the inner layer of the adrenal gland is the

A

medulla

80
Q

medulla excretes

A

adrenalin

81
Q

how does the adrenal gland absorb more oxygen?

A

it dilates the bronchial tubes

82
Q

what does the medulla secrete?

A

catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

83
Q

the medulla increases or decreases the blood pressure?

A

increases

84
Q

Addison’s diseases

A
  • weakness
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • HYPER PIGMENTATION
85
Q

which president had addison’s disease?

A

president kennedy

86
Q

Treatment for addison’s disease

A

hyrdrocortisone

87
Q

Hydrocortisone is a medical preparation of

A

cortisol

88
Q

what is hydrocortisone used for?

A
  • eczema
  • infections
  • immunosuppressant
  • asthma
  • inflammation
89
Q

corticosteroids treats

A
  • asthma
  • allergies
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • lupus
  • crohn’s disease
90
Q

what is crohn’s disease

A

infection of the intestine

91
Q

Harvey Cushing: 1869-1939

A
  • if you over produce adrenal gland hormones = problems
92
Q

Cushing’s disease happens to those who are treated with

A

CORTICOSTERODIS

93
Q

Cushing’s syndrome symptoms

A
  • moon face
  • buffalo hump
  • weak bones and muscles
  • easily bruised skin
  • peptic ulcer
  • diabetes
  • high blood pressure
94
Q

whats the main job of the pancreas

A

secrete insulin - glucose uptake into cells

95
Q

where is the pancreas located?

A

next to the liver

96
Q

from what animal was the first type of insulin sold from?

A

pigs

97
Q

type I diabetes treatment

A

injecting insulin

98
Q

what does the glucophage do?

A

stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin

99
Q

type ii diabetes is often linked to

A

obesity

100
Q

metformin

A

decreases glucose production from liver and increases insulin sensitivity

101
Q

gonads release

A

sex hormones

102
Q

testosterone is releated to

A
  • hair growth
  • sex drive
  • perversion? sexual castration with androgen blockers
103
Q

androcur is also known as

A

cyproterone acetate

104
Q

what does androcur do?

A

decreases testerone action and therefore decreases sex drive

105
Q

androcur increases risk of which cancer?

A

prostate

106
Q

which drugs block the testosterone

A
  • cipa-cyproterone acetate 50

- proscar: blocks the conversion of testoerone to dihydro testoerone

107
Q

anabolic steroids

A

steroids that build muscle

108
Q

testoerone is an anabolic steroid because it..

A

controls male musculature

109
Q

how do anabolic steroids increase mass?

A

using testoerone or testoerone analogs

110
Q

what are some side effects to using steroids?

A
  • acne
  • excess hair growth
  • aggression
  • liver disease
  • depression
  • reduction of “good cholesterol”
  • testiculat atrophy
  • breast development
111
Q

progesterone is the

A

increase and decrease during menstral cycle except if you’re pregnant - then it will stay hi

112
Q

progesterone makes the utuers

A

suitable for implantation of zygote

113
Q

how does norlutin work?

A

fits into and activates progesterone receptor

114
Q

how does progesterone affect behaviour?

A
  • depression
  • sudden mood swings
  • hositility and anger
  • nervous tension
  • cravings for sweets
  • water retenation
  • weight gain
  • headaches
  • joint pain
115
Q

treatment for PMS

A

2mg of magnesium/day

- vitamine b6

116
Q

how does the body know its pregnant?

A

hormmones

117
Q

which gland tells the ovaries to release an egg?

A

putarity

118
Q

___blocks the message to release an egg

A

progesterone

119
Q

“The pill”

A

increases body levels of progestin to trick the pitutiary gland

120
Q

the pil is an

A

outside source of progesterone to prevent pregnancy

121
Q

the morning after pill

A

Ru486

122
Q

Russell Marker knew that

A

some plants produced compounds similiar to steroids

123
Q

which hormone is very similiar to progesterone

A

diosgenin

124
Q

is progesterone a steroid?

A

yes because of the presence of the 4 rings in a certain orientation

125
Q

estrogen can help with

A

osteoporosis - weakening of the bones

126
Q

first use of estrogen therapy was from

A

horse urine

127
Q

permarin

A

estrogen extract from pregnant mare’s urine

128
Q

problems with estrogen therapy

A

30% increase in breast cancer

Chemistry Drugs (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions